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Background and Objectives: Human health and development have been related to dietary intake of essential fatty acids (omega 3, 6 and 9) and important for brain development, immune system function, and blood pressure regulation. Microbial essential oils are more natural and safer alternatives to synthetic preservatives. These oils have been demonstrated to have antibacterial activity within food systems and may be ideal additives to food formulations. Zygomycete fungi are well-known as good candidate for production of essential oils. Materials and Methods: Essential oils of fungi Mucor rouxii, Mucor circinelloides and Cuninghamella echinulata were extracted and fatty acids were analyzed by GC, for the first, antimicrobial activity of the fungi essential oils against foodborne pathogenic bacteria E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. enterica was examined by disc diffusion and well diffusion methods and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of oils were determined by microtiter plate. Results: The fungi oils were exhibited the stron g antibacterial effect against Gram-positive bacteria, B. cereus, S. aureus and B. subtilis higher than Gram-negative and commercial oleic acid and linoleic acid. The MIC of the fungi oil extracts was 0.25 mg/ml for B. cereus and B. subtilis and 0.5 mg/ml about S. aureus. This research demonstrated microbial essential oils may be suitable for their antimicrobial properties in food. Conclusion: Microbial essential oil with good antibacterial activity could also be used in selected cases like foodborne disease.

Despite repeated attempts to discover and develop novel effective therapeutic platforms, major hurdles remain to treat gastrointestinal cancers. The discovery of novel biomarkers is an important step in cancer treatment. MiRNAs have appeared as potent prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for a variety of cancers, including gastrointestinal cancers. They are quick, easy to detect, noninvasive, and inexpensive. MiR-28 is associated with a variety of gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, liver, and colorectal cancer. MiRNA expression is deregulated in cancer cells. Hence, the miRNAs expression patterns can be used to detect the subgroups of patients, the result is getting early detection and efficient treatment. miRNAs have an oncogenic or tumor-suppressor role based on tumor tissue, and cell types. It has been shown that dysregulation of miR-28 is involved in GI cancer occurrence, cancer cell growth and metastasis. Due to the limitations of single research and the lack of consensus results, in this review, we aim to summarize the current research advances in the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of circulating miR-28 levels in human gastrointestinal cancers.

Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the tyrosine kinase receptor family known as ErbB. The EGFR signaling pathway is an important regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, division, and survival, as well as cancer development in humans. Epidermal growth factor, betacellulin, amphiregulin, transforming growth factor and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor are high-affinity ligands of EGFR. Objective: Tumor progression can be effectively prevented by inhibiting EGF/EGFR interactions. In this study, many anti-EGF peptides targeting EGFR binding regions were designed, modeled, and evaluated. After selecting the peptides with the highest binding energy to the EGF, the interactions between the candidate peptides and all of the key EGFR ligands were investigated. Methods: To identify an EGF-binding peptide capable of blocking EGFR-EGF interactions, large-scale peptide mutation screening was performed. Using the AntiCP server, several possible peptides with anti-cancer properties were identified. The ClusPro analysis was performed in order to analyze the interactions between EGF and all of the library peptides. A total of five peptides with favorable docking scores were identified. The stability of three peptides with the best docking scores in complex with EGF was verified, applying molecular dynamics simulation with the help of the GROMACS software package. Finally, the interaction of candidate peptides with transforming growth factor-alpha, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, and betacellulin was investigated using the ClusPro server. Results: After the screening of modeled peptides by the ClusPro server and GROMACS software, two anti-EGF peptides of Pep4 and Pep5 with 31 residues were developed. Then, we demonstrate that both of these peptides can bind to the other high-affinity ligands of EGFR and block TGFA/EGFR, HBEGF/EGFR, and BTC/EGFR interactions. result: After screening of modeled peptides by the ClusPro server and GROMACS software, two anti-EGF peptides of Pep4 and Pep5 with 31 residues were developed. Then, we demonstrate that both of these peptides can bind to the other high-affinity ligands of EGFR and block TGFA/EGFR, HBEGF/EGFR, and BTC/EGFR interactions. Conclusion: The findings suggest novel insights for developing therapies based on peptides for inhibiting the EGF, TGFA, HBEGF, and BTC signaling cascade in cancer cells. Pep4 and Pep5 designed in this work, are recommended as potentially promising anticancer peptides for further experimental evaluation. other: Running title: Anti- EGF Peptides for Cancer Therapeutics