Lysine ε-N-L-lactylation is a newly discovered post-translational modification. Herein we present the genetic encoding of ε-N-L-lactyllysine in bacterial and mammalian cells, allowing preparation of site-specifically ε-N-L-lactylated recombinant proteins and construction...

Fatty acids play fundamental structural, metabolic, functional, and signaling roles in all biological systems. Altered fatty acid levels and metabolism have been associated with many pathological conditions. Chemical probes have greatly facilitated biological studies on fatty acids. Herein, we report the development and characterization of an alkynyl‐functionalized long‐chain fatty acid‐based sulfonyl fluoride probe for covalent labelling, enrichment, and identification of fatty acid‐associated proteins in living cells. Our quantitative chemical proteomics show that this sulfonyl fluoride probe targets diverse classes of fatty acid‐associated proteins including many metabolic serine hydrolases that are known to be involved in fatty acid metabolism and modification. We further validate that the probe covalently modifies the catalytically or functionally essential serine or tyrosine residues of its target proteins and enables evaluation of their inhibitors. The sulfonyl fluoride‐based chemical probe thus represents a new tool for profiling the expression and activity of fatty acid‐associated proteins in living cells.

Herein we present the genetic encoding of 7-aminocoumarin-based lysine derivatives, ACouK and AFCouK, into proteins in both bacterial and mammalian cells and the characterization of FRET pairs comprising of ACouK...