Background. Treatment options for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) were limited. Anlotinib is a novel multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor. ALTER0703 study was conducted to assess efficacy and safety of anlotinib for refractory mCRC patients.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of environmental stress and emulsifier types on the stability of curcumin emulsions. Results showed that Lecithin and Tween 80 presented good emulsifying capacity. The Tween 80 emulsion was the most stable among the four emulsions.The particle sizes of Tween 80 and whey protein emulsion were relatively smaller than gum arabic and lecithin. Extensive droplet aggregation appeared in whey protein stabilized emulsions when pH was approximately isoelectric point with salt concentration >200 mM. Lecithin emulsion was unstable when pH≤ 6 with salt concentration > 100 mM. There was little impact of pH and ionic strength on gum arabic and Tween 80 emulsions. All of the emulsions were stable at temperatures from 30 to 90 °C in the absence of salt. These results help to characterise the emulsifying and stabilizing abilities of emulsifier types intended for applications in the food industry. Graphical Abstractemulsions, emulsifier, types, stability

A novel sodium N-fatty acyl amino acid (SFAAA) surfactant was synthesized using pupa oil and pupa protein hydrolysates (PPH) from a waste product of the silk industry. The aliphatic acids from pupa oil were modified into N-fatty acyl chlorides by thionyl chloride (SOCl2). SFAAA was synthesized using acyl chlorides and PPH. GC-MS analysis showed fatty acids from pupa oil consist mainly of unsaturated linolenic and linoleic acids and saturated palmitic and stearic acids. SFAAA had a low critical micelle concentration, great efficiency in lowering surface tension and strong adsorption at an air/water interface. SFAAA had a high emulsifying power, as well as a high foaming power. The emulsifying power of PPH and SFAAA in an oil/water emulsion was better with ethyl acetate as the oil phase compared to n-hexane. The environment-friendly surfactant made entirely from silkworm pupae could promote sustainable development of the silk industry.

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