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In this study, the potential application of slag-fly ash-based geopolymers as stabilizers for soft soil in sulfate erosion areas was investigated to promote environmental protection and waste residue recycling. The changes in the physical and mechanical properties and microstructure characteristics of cement-stabilized soil/geopolymer-stabilized soil under sulfate erosion were comparatively studied through tests such as appearance change, mass change, strength development, and microscopic examination. The results show that the sulfate resistance of stabilized soil is significantly affected by the stabilizer type. In the sulfate environment, the cement-stabilized soil significantly deteriorates with erosion age due to the expansion stress induced by AFt, while the geopolymer-stabilized soil exhibits excellent sulfate resistance. The slag-fly ash ratio (10:0, 9:1, 8:2 and 7:3) is an important factor affecting the sulfate resistance of geopolymer-stabilized soils, and the preferred value occurs at 9:1 (G-2). When immersed for 90 d, the unconfined compressive strength value of G-2 is 7.13 MPa, and its strength retention coefficient is 86.6%. The N-A-S-H gel formed by the polymerization in the geopolymer contributes to hindering the intrusion of sulfate ions, thereby improving the sulfate resistance of stabilized soil. The research results can provide a reference for technology that stabilizes soil with industrial waste in sulfate erosion areas.

The complexity of composite geopolymer materials results in instability in the setting and hardening of geopolymer-stabilized soil. In order to determine the appropriate mix proportion scheme for composite geopolymer-stabilized soil, this study investigated the effects of two preparation methods, fly ash/slag ratio and alkali activator modulus, on workability and strength development trends in alkali-excited fly ash and slag-based geopolymer-stabilized soil. The results showed that the high ambient temperatures created by the one-step method were more conducive to the setting and hardening of the geopolymer-stabilized soil; its 3 d/28 d UCS (unconfined compression strength) ratio was 62.43–78.60%, and its 7 d/28 d UCS ratio was 70.37–83.63%. With increases of the alkali activator modulus or the proportion of fly ash, the setting time of stabilized soil was gradually prolonged, and its fluidity increased. Meanwhile, the strength development of stabilized soil was significantly affected by the proportion of fly ash and the alkali activator modulus; the maximum UCS value was obtained at II-2-O, prepared by the one-step method, with an alkali activator modulus of 1.2 and a fly ash/slag ratio of 20/80. Specifically, the 3, 7, and 28 d UCS values of II-2-O were 1.65, 1.89, and 2.26 MPa, respectively, and its 3 d/28 d UCS ratio and 7 d/28 d UCS ratio were 73.01% and 83.63%, respectively. These results will be of great importance in further research on (and construction guidance of) composite geopolymer-stabilized soil.

To ensure the efficient operation of crude oil dehydration and sewage treatment technology in oilfield surface production system, the effect mechanism of polar components represented by asphaltene and resin on the formation and stability of oil-water emulsion needs to be revealed at nanoscale. In this paper, the molecular dynamics simulation method was used to construct the crude oil/polar component/water system models with different molar ratios of asphaltene to resin by adjusting the number of asphaltene and resin molecules, so as to reveal the molecular arrangement and aggregation process and film forming characteristics of asphaltene, resin, and their mixture at the oil-water interface. The simulated results showed that the aggregation process of asphaltene molecules under the influence of hydrogen bonds can be divided into three stages. The addition of resin molecules enhanced the connection between molecules of all polar components at the interface. The π−π stacking and T-shaped stacking structures were found in all aggregations, and the higher the molar ratio of asphaltene molecules, the higher the proportion of π−π stacking structure. With the increase of the molar ratio of asphaltene to resin increases from 0 : 1 to 1 : 0, the interfacial film thickness and interface formation energy increase from 2.366 nm and -143.89 kJ/mol to 3.796 nm and -304.09 kJ/mol, respectively, which indicated that asphaltene molecules play a more significant role in promoting the formation of interfacial film and maintaining its structural stability than resin molecules. The investigations in this study provide theoretical support for demulsification of the crude oil emulsion.

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