Polarization phenomena in a Schottky-type CdTe radiation detector were studied. We evaluated the distribution of electric field in a biased CdTe detector by measuring the progressive change of Schottky barrier lowering with time. The parameters of deep acceptors such as detrapping time, concentration, and the depth of the energy level were quantitatively evaluated. In the case of applying the conventional model of charge accumulation, the obtained result shows that the CdTe bulk is never undepleted. We modified the charge accumulation model by taking account of the occupation state of the deep acceptor level. When a modified model is applied, the time that the depletion width in the bulk begins to diminish closely fits the time that the photopeak position begins to shift in radiation measurements. In this paper, we present a distribution of electric field during biasing and a simple method for the evaluation of the parameters of deep acceptors in CdTe bulk.

Background information. The F-BAR {Fes/CIP4 [Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42)-interacting protein 4] homology and BAR (Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs)} proteins have emerged as important co-ordinators of signalling pathways that regulate actin assembly and membrane dynamics. The presence of the F-BAR domain is the hallmark of this family of proteins and the CIP4 (Cdc42-interacting protein 4) was one of the first identified vertebrate F-BAR proteins. There are three human CIP4 paralogues, namely CIP4, FBP17 (formin-binding protein 17) and Toca-1 (transducer of Cdc42-dependent actin assembly 1). The CIP4-like proteins have been implicated in Cdc42-dependent actin reorganization and in regulation of membrane deformation events visible as tubulation of lipid bilayers.Results. We performed side-by-side analyses of the three CIP4 paralogues. We found that the three CIP4-like proteins vary in their effectiveness to catalyse membrane tubulation and actin reorganization. Moreover, we show that the CIP4-dependent membrane tubulation is enhanced in the presence of activated Cdc42. Some F-BAR members have been shown to have a role in the endocytosis of the EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor and this prompted us to study the involvement of the CIP4-like proteins in signalling of the PDGFRβ [PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) β-receptor]. We found that knock-down of CIP4-like proteins resulted in a prolonged formation of PDGF-induced dorsal ruffles, as well as an increased PDGF-dependent cell migration. This was most likely a consequence of a sustained PDGFRβ activation caused by delayed internalization of the receptor in the cells treated with siRNA (small interfering RNA) specific for the CIP4-like proteins.Conclusions. Our findings show that CIP4-like proteins induced membrane tubulation downstream of Cdc42 and that they have important roles in PDGF-dependent actin reorganization and cell migration by regulating internalization and activity of the PDGFRβ. Moreover, the results suggest an important role for the CIP4-like proteins in the regulation of the activity of the PDGFRβ.

We have studied the effect of plasma treatment on the rectification property and performance of the CdTe radiation detector with the Al Schottky electrode. The Te-rich layer on the CdTe surface etched with Br-methanol caused the degradation of the rectification property of the Al/CdTe Schottky contact. To remove the Te-rich layer, plasma treatment was carried out. The plasma treatment did not roughen the CdTe surface, and it removed the Te-rich layer. In terms of current–voltage characteristics of the Al/CdTe Schottky contact, the leakage current of the samples with plasma treatment was lower than that of the samples without plasma treatment. Moreover, in terms of detector performance, the samples with plasma treatment showed a higher energy resolution than those without plasma treatment. We achieved a high energy resolution of 1.6 keV FWHM at 59.5 keV using the plasma-treated Al/CdTe/Pt detector, which is comparable to the value obtained using a conventional Schottky-type In/CdTe/Pt detector.

We investigated the effect of He plasma treatment on the surface composition of CdTe and the electrical properties of Al/CdTe Schottky contacts. The composition of the initial CdTe surface is Te-rich due to Br-methanol etching. When Al Schottky contacts are formed on the CdTe surfaces with the Te-rich layer, the barrier height is low and the rectification property is not good. In this paper, we propose the He plasma treatment method to remove the Te-rich layer. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, it was found that the plasma treatment can remove the Te-rich layer. The rectification property of the Al Schottky contacts on the plasma-treated surfaces is improved, and their barrier heights are estimated to be about 0.65 eV. In γ-ray spectrometry, a high-energy resolution of 1.6 keV full width at half maximum at 59.5 keV was obtained from the plasma-treated Al/CdTe/Pt detector. The results indicate that the plasma treatment of CdTe surfaces significantly improves the energy resolution of Schottky-type Al/CdTe/Pt radiation detectors.

AT7519M is a small molecule inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 1, 2, 4, 5, and 9 with in vitro activity against lymphoid malignancies. In two concurrent Phase II trials, we evaluated AT7519M in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) using the recommended Phase II dosing of 27 mg/m twice weekly for 2 of every 3 weeks. Primary objective was objective response rate (ORR). Nineteen patients were accrued (7 CLL, 12 MCL). Four CLL patients achieved stable disease (SD). Two MCL patients achieved partial response (PR), and 6 had SD. One additional MCL patient with SD subsequently achieved PR 9 months after completion of AT7519M. Tumor lysis syndrome was not reported. In conclusion, AT7519M was safely administered to patients with relapsed/refractory CLL and MCL. In CLL, some patients had tumor reductions, but the ORR was low. In MCL, activity was noted with ORR of 27%.