ResumenComo toda categoría identitaria, transexual tiene una definición normativa -en este caso, muy marcada por su origen médico-, hay unos agentes sociales que controlan su uso y existe un conflicto alrededor de los límites que abarca. En este artículo, analizamos cómo el conflicto por la delimitación de esta categoría se articula a nivel individual y colectivo. En base al análisis de entrevistas, grupos de discusión y mensajes en foros de Internet, se ha observado que hay un choque entre dos concepciones de la transexualidad. La primera defiende, desde postulados biologistas, que los criterios para entrar dentro de esta categoría son el cambio corporal y una identificación normativa con el género reivindicado. La segunda propone una interpretación más inclusiva y estratégica de la categoría. El choque entre estas dos concepciones permite entender el trasfondo de este debate aparentemente terminológico e invita a repensar la forma de entender la conexión entre el género y el cuerpo. Palabras clave: género; transexual; transgénero; identidad de género. Abstract. Identity in dispute: Conflicts surrounding the construction of transsexuality'Transexual', like any other identity category, has a normative definition, which in this case is heavily influenced by its medical origin: there are social agents that control its use and there is conflict surrounding its boundaries. In this article, we analyze how the conflict over the definition of this category is managed through both individual and collective dimensions. Based on the analysis of interviews, focus groups, and Internet forum posts, it has been observed that there is a clash between two perceptions of transsexuality. The first one defends, from a biologist point of view, that the criteria to be included in this category are having undergone or wanting gender-related body modifications and following a normative reproduction of the claimed gender. The second one proposes a more open and strategic interpretation of the category. The clash between these two conceptions allows us to understand what is at stake in this apparently terminological debate and invites us to rethink the way we understand the connection between gender and body.
L’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) et l’Association de psychiatrie américaine (APA) établissent que la non-correspondance entre le sexe et le genre constitue un trouble mental, également connu comme « trouble de l’identité de genre ». Dans l’État espagnol, en 2007, le gouvernement a légiféré sur cette question et avec l’entrée en vigueur de la loi 3/2007, il est désormais nécessaire de présenter un certificat prouvant l’existence de ce trouble mental pour pouvoir changer la mention du sexe dans les documents officiels. Cet article vise à analyser le discours des institutions qui régulent la pathologisation de la transsexualité, celui des professionnel·le·s de la santé qui mènent à terme le processus de diagnostic ainsi que le point de vue des patient·e·s transsexuel·le·s qui s’y soumettent. Les auteurs mettent en évidence des contradictions cruciales dans le discours médico-légal, et montrent comment celui-ci revient à légitimer la violence du genre normatif sur les corps et les subjectivités des personnes transsexuelles.
Cómo citar / citation Coll-Planes, Gerard y Missé, Miquel (2018) "Identificación de los factores de inserción laboral de las personas trans. Exploración del caso de la ciudad de Barcelona".
Since the emergence of trans-activism in Barcelona (pioneer in the Spanish context) in 1970, identity categories to refer to people who do not identify with the socially-assigned gender identity have experienced a major transformation. In this article, we analyse the evolution of identity categories related to gender diversity from 1978 to 2010 in order to recover the history of trans-activism and explore its specificities with regard to the hegemonic logic in other western countries. In the period analysed, five associations were identified and studied, revealing a trend that predominantly conceives identity categories in a fluid manner, contrary to the main trans-activism in western countries, which reinforced the medical category ‘transsexual’ in opposition to those of ‘homosexual’ and ‘transvestite’. Moreover, in this period, a profound change can be observed in the political subject (from trans-women working in sex work to middle-class trans-boys), as well as a transformation of alliances: from the rejection of trans-associations by gay and lesbian associations to the subsequent coalition and progressive rapprochement towards feminism.
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