Biji buah alpukat telah banyak digunakan sebagai obat tradisional, oleh karena itu diperlukan informasi ilmiah tentang kandungan kimia dan efek samping yang ditimbulkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis senyawa-senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam biji alpukat, serta menentukan toksisitas ekstrak biji alpukat berdasarkan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST). Skrining fitokimia merupakan suatu tahap seleksi awal untuk mendeteksi golongan senyawa kimia yang terdapat dalam ekstrak tumbuhan. Skrining fitokimia meliputi uji alkaloid, uji triterpenoid dan steroid, uji tanin, uji flavonoid dan uji saponin. Uji toksisitas menggunakan metode BST dengan bioindikator larva Artemia salina Leach. Hasil yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis probit menggunakan SPSS 20.0 for Windows untuk mengetahui nilaiLethal Concentration50 (LC50). Berdasarkan skrining fitokimia, biji buah alpukat diketahui mengandung beberapa senyawa metabolit sekunder, yaitu alkaloid, triterpenoid, tanin, flavonoid dan saponin. Nilai LC50 yang diperoleh berdasarkan uji toksisitas biji buah alpukat mentega segar dan kering, serta biji buah alpukat biasa segar dan kering, yaitu masingmasing sebesar 42,270 mg/L, 36,078 mg/L, 36,924 mg/L, dan 34,302 mg/L. K E Y W O R D S A B S T R A C T Avocado Phytochemical Toxicity Artemia salinaAvocado seed has been used as traditional medicine and therefore it is necessary to have scientific information about its chemical contents and its side effects. The purpose of this study was to analyze the secondary metabolite compounds contained in avocado seeds and to determine the toxicity of avocado seed extract using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) method. Phytochemical screening is the initial step to detect the chemical compounds contained in plant extracts. Phytochemical screening test included alkaloids, triterpenoids and steroids,tannins, flavonoids, and saponins tests. Artemia salina Leach was used as a bioindicator in toxicity testing BST method. The results were then analyzed by probit analysis using SPSS 20.0 for Windows to determine Lethal Concentration50 (LC50) values. Based on phytochemical screening, avocado seeds contained several compounds of secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids, triterpenoids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. LC50 values obtained by testing the toxicity of the butter local fresh and dried avocado seeds and of the ordinary local fresh and dried avocado seeds, were 42.270 mg/L, 36.078 mg/L, 36.924 mg/L and 34.302 mg/L, respectively.
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