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circular economy transitions in business ecosystems circular economy transitions in business ecosystems systemic interactions, and ultimately system change. Changes in business ecosystems can be analysed as multi-level governance, as cross-scale territorial development, as an extension and contraction of supply chains, as the formation of regional or national systems of innovation, et cetera.This book starts from the understanding that it is not a matter of finding the single right model that fits all practical issues. On the contrary, the task is to gather various models and representations of business ecosystems, to clarify the interconnections between them, and to use them to explore the strategic challenges of CE transitioning. All such schemes are mapping only particular aspects of companies' CE transitioning. The indication of levels only makes sense from a particular point of view (geographical, functional, economic or metabolic).The key strength of this edited volume is therefore that it provides a range of perspectives on CE transitioning -by companies and across business ecosystems. The business ecosystems are explored through a range of perspectives. Multidisciplinarity is of course key to understanding a holistic concept such as CE. This diversity of perspectives is particularly useful in identifying the various aspects of CE transition processes. The book features six chapters. Each of them approaches CE transitioning at different levels, along complementary disciplinary viewpoints. The authors combine expertise in sustainable urbanism, transition governance, the redesign of systems, lifecycle analysis and business model innovation. Starting from a relatively macro focus on the CE concept (Chapter 1), we continue with meso-level analyses of transition governance and "exnovation" practices (Chapters 2 and 3), after which we further address micro-level aspects related to the adoption of niche innovations by companies (Chapters 4 and 5), in particular business model innovations (Chapter 6).Chapter 1 presents an introduction to the concept of CE. This will help the readers to comprehend the complexity of the concept, its evolution and its current state. In addition to providing a concise overview of the academic literature on the CE, this chapter also sets the theoretical stage for further chapters. This chapter traces the history of this notion, placing it within the broader context of environmental awareness or "pensée écologique" as Bourg et al. (2014; put it. Providing a historical context to CE, this chapter also sketches potential trajectories for future approaches. The focus is on highlighting the ways to empower terrain actors, such as enterprises, in transitioning into circularity: moving from a predominantly top-down approach to more inclusive ones. Everyone is an actor in the transition towards more circular and resource-conscious lifestyles, all levels of interventions matter. The last section provides an overview of Belgian CE policies.Chapter 2 invokes research on sustainability transitions...

As important antecedents of the emerging DIY laboratory movement, the aspects of profiles and characteristics of those pioneers who establish DIY laboratories have remained under-researched in extant literature. In order to address this issue and explore common profiles and characteristics of DIY laboratory founders, by employing content analysis, this paper analyses secondary data on 23 founders/co-founders of eight DIY bio laboratories that are publicly available (DIYbio.org). The results reveal that a common profile of a DIY bio laboratory founder is someone most likely to be highly educated (often times PhD), with experience and expertise in the field of science and has strong ideological beliefs. Additionally, the founders/co-founders have characteristics of entrepreneurship, research, ideology and community that strongly advocate for open source sharing of scientific information and for the democratisation of science.

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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to the voluntary integration of social and environmental concerns into companies’ operations. This qualitative case study investigates microentrepreneurs’ values and business activities related to CSR, particularly the elements of social responsibility (SR) via the responsible leadership (RL) approach. We investigate how entrepreneurs perceive the concept of SR, how SR is related to values and through which leadership activities they plan to implement SR. The case is a CSR training programme with 30 Finnish microentrepreneurs as attendants. The results show that entrepreneurs perceive SR on two levels: philosophical and practice-oriented levels. At the philosophical level, RL is being truthful to one’s own values and taking a long-term, holistic view, and the practical SR includes customer focus, staff equality, or community and network activity. Being true to one’s personal values and having a holistic long-term view of SR are the ground-building elements guiding leadership decisions in microenterprises. The practical level of RL is not limited to the microenterprise but, rather, extends to, for example, customers and business partners. The theoretical contribution to the RL literature is that the groundwork for SR in microenterprises is based on strategically sustainable businesses that are in line with entrepreneurs’ values but also simultaneously pursue a greater, more long-term purpose than a short-term profit-seeking. This study adds to the RL literature, indicating that, regardless of their owner-centricity and the focus on practically relevant leadership activities in the here and now, microenterprises pursue larger impacts on the community by adopting a holistic, future-oriented view. Although microenterprises are owner-centric and individual motivations play a significant role in RL, this study shows that, in socially and economically sustainable microenterprises, entrepreneurs’ personal values are integrated with those of the customers.