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The aim of this paper is to present the composition and functioning of the EU institutions involved in receiving, analysing, approval or rejection of the application for the use of genetically modified organisms. The manner of participation of each institution is presented by using the comparative and historical method, as well as the method of analysis. The advantage of these methods is a detailed analysis of the rights and responsibilities of all participants in the approval process for genetically modified organisms.The paper analyses all the EU institutions that are directly or indirectly associated with the approval procedure, and those are: European Food Safety Authority, European Parliament, European Commission and Court of Justice of the European Union. The problem of the whole institutional framework is an insufficient contribution of the constituent activity of the EU member states and their national authorities and whole process should be based more on the principle of subsidiarity.

Biotechnology as a science has a significant role in society and as such, it significantly changes the status of genetics. Biotechnology can be considered an interdisciplinary science, as it implies modern achievements in chemistry, biochemistry, biology and engineering. There are several types of biotechnology, but it is important to mention the distinction between traditional biotechnology and genetic engineering. Specifically, genetic engineering, as opposed to traditional biotechnology that involves crossing close species, means creating new non-cellular hereditary materials outside the cell and connecting them with a transmitter. With its emergence, biotechnology changes the position of parenting in society, the meaning of life in general and is the subject of numerous discussions in politics, economy, research work etc. However, especially high level of disagreement is in the area of consumer protection. With genetic modification of food, there has been a significant shift in consumer awareness and citizens themselves insist on active participation in the formulation of regulatory rules because the consumption of genetically modified food can negatively affect the health of consumers. In this case, consumers created a network and became active both nationally and supranationally. Despite the various methods of study, the formulation of legal regulations has led to mutual disputes between the EU Member States. Therefore, the central part of the work relates to the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice in the field of geotechnical engineering. Court judgments and percentages of "obtained" verdicts in favour of the Member States have been analysed. The paper consists of several chapters. In the first chapter, the term of biotechnology, its significance for society, and the elemental division of the same are clarified. In the second chapter, in short theses, genetically modified foods and the consumer's position in relation to the same are clarified. Namely, the aim of the paper is to illustrate the consumer's view in order to obtain a complete picture before analysing jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The central part of the paper is devoted to studying jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice in the field of genetic engineering. Namely, the number of disputes regarding the mutual relations between the European Union and the Member States, as well as jurisprudence and the position of the Court of Justice of the European Union have been analysed in regard to favourable regulations. In the creation of this paper, a number of methods will be used. Above all, the method of analysis will be used for systematic analysis of the problem / phenomenon and this method will try to obtain patterns of behaviour based on scientific knowledge. In contrast, a synthesis method will EU AND COMPARATIVE LAW ISSUES AND CHALLENGES SERIES-ISSUE 3 276 be used to reach a final conclusion. It is also important to mention both the historical method and the descriptive method. Another significant ...

Starting from the very name of the Scientific Conference "The European Union and the Member States -Legal and Economic Issues", the authors consider that the legislative division of competences between the European Union and the Member States is a key issue for their actions and their mutual relations. Therefore, the aim of the work is to establish a vertical distribution of powers in the European Union and to analyse comparatively the constitutional division of competences between different territorial levels of government in selected European states with federal regulation. The vertical division of competences within the Union is a question of constitutional importance as one of the principles of the structure of authority within its territory. The importance of a vertical division of competences is reflected in particular in the fact that it involves the adoption of very complex decisions on whether a matter should be regulated at a central (European) or at national (state) level. It is important to point out that the process of transferring competence from the higher level (European Union) to the lower forms of territorial organization (Member States) presupposes the instrument and the premise of democratization. At the same time, the range of competences is a form of limitation of the powers of the European Union, within the limits of the competences assigned to it by a primary act. The division of the jurisdiction, apart from legal regulation, has an economic effect. The better the division is, the more effective are the Union and the member states in providing faster and In addition to comparative method, regarding research methodology, the paper uses secondary research and normative and historical method.

Good governance is an unanswered area, the eternal search for optimal social order. Throughout time, good governance changed its appearance depending on many elements (political, economic, social, legal, moral, etc.). Good governance implies a responsibility of authority at all levels, respecting guaranteed rights and freedoms The paper analyses executive authority in some countries of Southeast Europe. And how they exist concerning executive power at the local level and towards citizens. The normativity, comparative, historical method and methods of analysis and synthesis were used.