Analysis 01.01. Comparison 01 Oral oestrogens versus placebo, Outcome 01 UTI at the end of the treatment period Analysis 01.02. Comparison 01 Oral oestrogens versus placebo, Outcome 02 Vaginal pH . . . . . . . . . . Analysis 01.03. Comparison 01 Oral oestrogens versus placebo, Outcome 03 Lactobacillus positive . . . . . .

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BACKGROUND: Recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI) is defined as three episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the previous 12 months or two episodes in the last six months. The main factors associated with RUTI in postmenopausal women are vesical prolapse, cystocoele, post-voidal residue, and urinary incontinence, all associated with a decrease in estrogen. The use of estrogens to prevent RUTI has been proposed. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the efficacy and safety of oral or vaginal estrogens for preventing RUTI in postmenopausal women. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Renal Group's specialized register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (from 1950), EMBASE (from 1980), and reference lists of articles without language restriction. Date of last search: February 2007.

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The cranberry was less effective than antibiotic prophylaxis in recurrent urinary tract infections, but was associated with less development of resistance to antibiotics.