BackgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) is a common health care problem. Recurrent UTI (RUTI) in healthy non-pregnant women is defined as three or more episodes of UTI during a twelve month period. Long-term antibiotics have been proposed as a prevention strategy for RUTI. ObjectivesTo determine the e icacy (during and a er) and safety of prophylactic antibiotics used to prevent uncomplicated RUTI in adult nonpregnant women. Search methodsWe searched MEDLINE (from 1966), EMBASE (from 1980), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL in The Cochrane Library) and reference lists of retrieved articles. Selection criteriaAny published randomised controlled trial where antibiotics were used as prophylactic therapy in RUTI. Data collection and analysisTwo reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Statistical analyses were performed using the random e ects model and the results expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Main resultsNineteen studies involving 1120 women were eligible for inclusion. Antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in non-pregnant women (Review)

Analysis 01.01. Comparison 01 Oral oestrogens versus placebo, Outcome 01 UTI at the end of the treatment period Analysis 01.02. Comparison 01 Oral oestrogens versus placebo, Outcome 02 Vaginal pH . . . . . . . . . . Analysis 01.03. Comparison 01 Oral oestrogens versus placebo, Outcome 03 Lactobacillus positive . . . . . .

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This paper presents the general concepts and elements of integrated water resources management and the status of their adoption in Bangladesh at the national level. It describes the situation of the country with respect to the duality in the seasonal pattern of rainfall, the geographic position and the topography, which are the main constraints to its socio-economic development. An assessment of the past management practices in water sector identifies hindrances in the implementation of integrated water resources management process. The paper concludes with recommendations for improved water management in the country.

Our results strongly suggest that new therapies introduced since 1986 have contributed to the decrease in 28-day case fatality of patients admitted with a first Q-wave AMI. This decrease could be attributable mainly to the use of antiplatelet and thrombolytic drugs. These findings should encourage the routine use of thrombolytic and antiplatelet drugs and particularly their combination in the acute phase of AMI.