Background The educational efficacy in neonatal resuscitation relies on the subject and teaching strategies. Therefore, it is imperative to test diverse educational methods if they are more instructive to engage students in active learning and practicing knowledge. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the efficacy of a pedagogical framework in neonatal resuscitation skill learning among nursing students in a resource-limited setting. Methods A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted between October 2020 to March 2021. Sixty nursing students in the 3rd and 4th year of professional training were randomly allocated to the pedagogy and the traditional group. The pedagogy group learned via 6-step LSPPDM (Learn, See, Practice, Prove, Do, Maintain) pedagogy including lectures, video, clinical observation, skill sessions under supervision, and self-directed practice. The traditional group learned through 2-step (Learn, Practice) method that included lectures and skill sessions under supervision. The outcomes measured included technical and non-technical skills in neonatal resuscitation. The technical skill deals with steps such as stimulation, ventilation, oxygenation, intubation, chest compression, medications, and reporting. Non-technical skills refer to teamwork skills that focus on the interaction between leader and helper. Both skills were measured through previously published validated tools two times before and after the intervention by blinded assessors in a simulated delivery room. Results Overall, the skill was significantly improved in both groups after intervention. Yet, the results showed that the mean difference of technical skill score in the pedagogy group (24.3 ± 3.5) was significantly higher (p <  0.001) compared to the traditional group (16.2 ± 2.4). Likewise, the mean difference of non-technical skill score in the pedagogy (36.9 ± 1.9) was highly significant (p <  0.001) compared to the traditional group (31.2 ± 1.7). Conclusions The LSPPDM pedagogy was found more effective in enhancing technical and non-technical skills in neonatal resuscitation compared to the traditional method. The results of this study support the efficacy of the 6-step LSPPDM pedagogy in the education of nursing students regarding neonatal resuscitation in a resource-limited setting. Trial registration Prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04748341).

Background: Workplace bullying is common all over the world. However, the medical field is one such field where bullying is more frequent than any other field. Specifically, nurses in the hospitals are identified to be more exposed to workplace intimidation as compare to other health members, yet underreported. Workplace bullying is one of the principal factors following turnover intention among nurses.Purpose: This survey aims to explore the prevalence of workplace bullying and its association with the intent to leave the job among registered nurses.Methods: A Cross-Sectional survey was conducted from September 2019 to April 2020. A convenience sample of 242 nurses employed in two public and two private teaching hospitals of Lahore had been selected for the study. Data analysis was done using the latest version of SPSS 25. Descriptive statistics mean, median and standard deviation were used for the description of data. Results:The prevalence of workplace bullying was 8.02% among nurses. A significant relationship was found between workplace bullying and nurses' turnover intention. The study found diploma nurses with less age experienced more workplace bullying. Conclusions:It is suggested that workplace bullying is highly rampant in our health care system and is significantly associated with the nurse's turnover intention. There is an immense need to establish new policies that can control bullying and upsurge nurses' retention. Further education plays a role in workplace bullying.

Mineral deficiencies have caused severe health consequences in developing countries. Among many other minerals, selenium is also an essential nutritional trace mineral element that is critical to the normal physiology of humans. In 1817, Swedish chemist and physician Jons Jacob Berzelius discovered this element. The US Department of Agriculture has an RDA of 55 μg/day for adults. Regional dietary deficiency of selenium caused Keshan and Kashin-Beck diseases. Keshan disease is endemic congestive cardiomyopathy, characterized by cardiac insufficiency, heart enlargement, arrhythmia, and electrocardiographic modifications. First identified in 1935 in Keshan County, Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. This disease is clinically divided into four categories: acute, subacute, chronic, and latent. However, selenium supplementations to the residents of Keshan disease endemic areas significantly reduced the incidence of KD. Thus, the government decided to apply sodium selenite to growing crops, and the incidence of the disease decreased dramatically.

Background: The educational efficacy in resuscitation could be improved by enhancing instructional design through different innovative approaches especially in resource-limited settings. Aim: To determine the educational efficacy of diverse strategies on knowledge and skill of nursing students regarding neonatal resuscitation. Study design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and duration of study: School of Nursing, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore from 1st November 2020 to 30th April 2021. Methodology: Sixty-five nursing students of 1st and 2nd professionals were selected. The education on neonatal resuscitation consists of diverse educational strategies including didactic lecture, video, simulation, and self-practice sessions in the simulation laboratory of a public school of nursing in Lahore, Pakistan. The data on knowledge and skill was assessed two times before and after the intervention. Results: The study showed a significant (p<0.001) change in knowledge and skill after education. Nearly, all students had poor knowledge and skill before education. The knowledge had been improved as 40.0%of students achieved good, and 53.3% achieved fair knowledge level. Conclusion: The diverse educational strategies in neonatal resuscitation significantly improve nursing students' knowledge and skill. Keywords: Neonatal resuscitation, Education, Nursing students, Knowledge, Skill

The health care providers are always obligated to code of ethics for honoring professionalism and sustaining high standards in their practice. Veracity and confidentiality are strictly obligatory for health care professionals in virtue and medical ethics. Veracity is not only the part of virtue ethics but also it is our professional and moral obligation to always remain truthful in practice and as well as in our daily life. But, it becomes very difficult for health care providers to maintain confidentiality, giving respect to patient autonomy, and speaking truth in the case where patients one diagnosed with stigmatized disorders such as AIDS, where we have to save the society by applying the concept of utilitarianism. This paper analyzes such complex conditions in which there is an ethical dilemma occurred between patient's autonomy to maintain his confidentiality of positive HIV and tell a lie to patient's wife. This situation put many questions in the HCP's mind. Such as: is it right to respect patient's autonomy which can put patient's surrounding at risk? Is it moral obligation of the HCP to tell a lie? Or is it best solution if the HCP maintain Ethical dilemmas; Autonomy; Confidentiality; Veracity; Discrimination; Stigmatized CASE SCENARIOA 40 years old male patient was landed in emergency department with complaints of loss of appetite, sudden weight loss, decreased activity, lethargy, and mouth ulcers. The doctor ordered to send all baseline investigations along with HIV. After some hours, the reports were collected from the laboratory which showed that the patient was suffering from HIV AIDS. The doctor told the patient about his positive report. After that, the patient requested to hold this information from his family and other HCP. Instead of consulting about the treatment plan, the patient requested the doctor to keep it confidential. On the other hand, the HCP was thinking about the patient's right. But, if the HCP only thought about the patient ' s right of confidentiality then, could a greater risk to his family (wife) to get infected with the same disease since HIV is a communicable disease. HCP got confused and reviewed the literature to reach on conclusion. Ultimately, HCP disclosed the report about patient's positive report of HIV to his wife.