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Toxic emissions from four construction plywoods were investigated using a freely ventilated cone calorimeter with raw predilution hot gas sampling. Each plywood sample was exposed to the conical heater of the cone calorimeter radiating at 35 kw/m 2 . Rich mixtures occurred in some of the tests, these rich mixtures produced high concentrations of toxic gases. The 4 samples had different peak heat release rate HRR, but similar steady state HRR. The elemental analysis of the four samples showed that they had different nitrogen content, indicating different glues were used. Plywood B had the highest N content of 6.43%, which resulted in the highest HCN concentration. The most important toxic species were CO, HCN, acrolein, formaldehyde and benzene on both an LC 50 and COSHH 15min basis.

Toxic emissions from pinewood crib fires were determined using heated FTIR gas analysis from a 5m 3 compartment fire with an air opening equivalent to 5% of the compartment cross-sectional area (V 2/3 ) in the floor of the compartment and a vent in the ceiling layer, with the air inlet controlling the flow. A 20mm square pine wood crib size of 400 x 400 x 260 mm was investigated. The crib was ignited using a small ethanol pool fire. The flaming fire had a peak HRR of 40 kW and average ceiling temperature of 400 o C. The fire was lean overall at the peak HRR and the fire self-extinguished through lack of air with subsequent smouldering combustion. In spite of the lean combustion in the fire, very high toxic emissions were determined with an FEC LC 50 of > 6. The peak toxicity occurred just before the fire self-extinguished and the key toxic emissions were CO and formaldehyde for deaths, while formaldehyde and acrolein were the most important for impairment of escape.