CHAOS or Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome is a blockage of the fetus's trachea or larynx due to a number of factors including narrowing of the airway, a web-like membrane or even tracheal atresia. In the uterus, the fetal lungs constantly produce fluid and as a result of this airway blockage in the trachea, the lung fluid cannot escape out of the fetal mouth. Because of this the fetus's lungs become distended with fluid and over distended lungs can put pressure on the heart and affect the heart's ability to function. If the heart cannot beat effectively hydrops or congestive heart failure can occur. We present a case of CHAOS with hydrops and associated anomalies, determined prenatally at about 21 weeks by MRI in our hospital.

Breast cancer of female is common but rare in male. It is diagnosed in advanced stage due to  the limited amount of breast tissue and lack of awareness. Most cases occur over the age of 60  years. Male breast cancer is treated like female breast cancer. The outcome of the disease is  worse, 5-4 year’s survival in about 40% cases.Mediscope Vol. 2, No. 1: 2015, Pages 36-38

Inflammatory pseudotumor or (IPT) is a rare lesion of unclear etiology reported in various organs. Although mostly benign, these tumor may pose a therapeutic challenge in cases of recurrence. We report the case of a 65- years -old male who presented with a mass in the left upper abdomen and upon evaluation was noted to have IPT in the retro-peritoneum involving the duodenum. Complete surgical resection was done with primary repair of the 3rd part of the duodenum with no evidence of tumor recurrence on 6 months follow-up. We review the literature and discern the epidemiological, clinical, pathophysiological and management aspects of IPTs.TAJ 2015; 28(2): 61-63

Oesophageal cancer is a gastrointestinal malignancy with insidious onset and poor prognosis. The disease predominantly affects the older age groups with pick incidence between 60 to 70 years of age. The total number of oesophageal cancer patients available for the study within the stipulated time was 43. Among them 60.47% patients were male and 39.53% patients were female, 06.98% belonged to age group 31-40, 16.28% belonged to age group 41-50, 37.21% belonged to age group 51-60, 23.25% belonged to age group 61-70 and 16.28% patients were >70 years of age. Mean age was 59.95 years ± 12.63 SD. In our study, 33.3% survived ≤3 months, 09.1% 4–6 months, 15.2 % 7–9 months, 06.1% 10–12 months, 27.2% 13–24 months and 09.1% >24 months. Among the expired patients, 09.10% got curative treatment and rest of 90.90% got palliative treatment. Those who got curative treatment 66.7% survived 13–24 months and 33.3% > 24 months. Those who got palliative treatment 36.7% survived ≤3 months, 10.0% 4–6 months, 06.7% 10–12 months and 30.0% 13–24 months. Overall median survival was 08 months, for curative treatment 18 months and for palliative treatment 07 months.TAJ 2014; 27(1): 38-43

Ectopic pregnancy is a common life-threating condition. Diagnosis is frequently missed and should be considered in any women in the reproductive age group presenting with abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding. This prospective observational study was conducted in RMCH to determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment, morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy. A total of 50 cases of ectopic pregnancy were operated during the study period giving the incidence of ectopic pregnancy of 8.02/1000 pregnancies. The age of the patient ranged from 18-37 years, with maximum (40%) between 26-30 years age group. 36% patients had delivered one child and 24% were nulliparous. 30% patients had pelvic inflammatory disease and 22% had history of previous abortion/ MR. All patients presented with lower abdominal pain, 68% presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding and 60% had amenorrhoea. Most of the patients were diagnosed by high clinical suspicion and confirmed by USG. 96% cases ectopic pregnancy occurred in the fallopian tube and ampullary part was mainly affected. Laparotomy followed by unilateral salphingectomy was performed in majority (60%) of cases. 22% cases ipsilateral salpingectomy with tubectomy other side and 12% cases salpingostomy were performed. The recovery of majority of patients was smooth and uneventful. There was no death in this study.TAJ 2014; 27(2): 22-26