Tests of the antiparasitic agent Albicomum 10% VK were carried out in the Uvinsky and Zavyalovsky districts of the Udmurt Republic on animals spontaneously infested by the association of helminthiases. Animals of the first group were infested with fasciolous-strongylatosis invasion, the second - with mixed invasion of dicroceliosis + gastrointestinal strongylatosis, cows spontaneously infested with three types of helminths (fascioliasis + dicroceliosis + gastrointestinal strongylatosis) were in the third experimental group. Control groups were also formed with the corresponding associations of parasites, in which the intensity and extensity of infestation remained at a high level throughout the entire experiment. In the first (fascioliasis + gastrointestinal strongilatoses) and in the second (dicroceliosis + gastrointestinal strongylatoses) groups, all treated animals were completely freed from helminths on the 45th day. The extensibility of the drug was 100%. On the 90th day after the treatment, the effectiveness of the drug decreased by 10%. In case of fasciolous- dicrocelious-strongylatous association, the drug showed low efficiency. In 1 g of feces of the treated animals, an average of 9.7 eggs of trematodes were found. In production trials, Albicomum 10% VK showed the highest efficiency (90%) in two-component helminthoses.

The analysis of degree of contamination of cattle of a protozooses on farms of the Udmurt Republic revealed a tendency to increase an invasion of animals the Cryptosporidium parvum pathogen. The presence of pathogen associations makes it difficult to detect a specific representative of the variety of parasitic diseases. The material functioned as samples of feces from calves, which investigated the generally accepted scatological flotation methods and by staining smears of feces with carbolic fuchsins according to Zil-Nielsen and then studying the preparations using an immersion microscope system.We have found that cryptosporidiosis in calves aged from 3 to 90 days is recorded throughout the year, indicating a constant circulation of the pathogen among susceptible animals within the livestock premises. Results of researches showed that the winter-spring period is the most favorable for the development of Criptosporidium parvum in livestock complexes Udmurt Republic. The peak of invasion (77.78%) in March is primarily due to mass calving, a decrease in the natural resistance of animals, as well as climatic features of our region. The obtained results must be considered in the development and implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures to combat cryptosporidiosis of calves.

Sarcocystosis is a widespread invasion of domestic and wild ruminants in the Udmurt Republic. The infection degree is 2.5 times higher in wild animals and amounts to 83.3%; cattle infestation according to the results of our studies is within 33.3%. The research material was samples of muscle tissue (myocardium, chewing muscles, esophageal wall, latissimus dorsi and biceps femoris) from 18 mooses and 42 cattle. The results of our studies showed that the degree of the infection of animals of the wild focus is 2.5 times higher than cattle. In each 4th carcass of moose carcasses, dystrophic changes in the structure of muscles were macroscopically revealed, and therefore 5 carcasses were disposed of. The invasion rate of cattle carcasses from livestock enterprises and private farms reaches up to 33.3%. Microscopic studies have shown that tissue forms of sarcocysts are most commonly found in the myocardium, chewing muscles and the wall of the esophagus. None of the 60 studied samples of the latissimus dorsi muscle has protozoa of the genus Sarcocystis detected.

It is well accepted that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of proteoglycans of embryonic genesis (PEG) on concentrations and activity of prooxidative and antioxidative metalloproteins in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. Methods: Study groups were as follows: vehicle control group (Group 1), STZ-induced diabetes (55 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection [Group 2]), STZ-induced diabetes with prophylactic injection of PEG (0.5 mg/kg intraperitonealy injected) 1 week prior to STZ injection (Group 3). The following prooxidative metalloproteins were studied: levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) isoforms (extracellular Nox [eNox]) in serum; erythrocyte membranes; and spleen cell membranes, nucleus and mitochondria, as well as serum levels of superoxide-producing lipoprotein (suprol); cytochrome (cyt) b 5 from cytosol of erythrocytes; and cyt c from spleen cell cytosol. The antioxidative metalloproteins, particularly superoxide dismutase and catalase from erythrocyte and from spleen cell cytosol were studied. Results: Results demonstrated the significant (P , 0.05) increase in the level and activity of NADPH-dependent, O 2 −-producing eNox activity in Group 2 in comparison with the control Group and decrease of the ferrihemoglobin-reducing activities of these Nox, as well as a significant increase in O 2 −-producing activity of suprol. In Group 2, there was a significant elevation of the level of cyt c, and decreased cyt b 5 level, as well as inhibition of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. Conclusion: The prophylactic injection of the PEG demonstrated overall antioxidative effect, with prevention of changes in prooxidative markers.

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