Muscle fatigue is described by the decline in muscle maximum force during contraction. The fatigue occurs in the nervous or muscle fibre cells. The nerves produce a high-frequency signal to gain the maximum contraction, but it cannot sustain the high frequency signal for a long time, and that leads to a decline in muscle force. The surface Electromyography (EMG) is the dominant method to detect muscle fatigue because the EMG signals give more information about the muscle’s activities. This review discussed the EMG signal processing and the methods of detection muscles fatigue with three domains (time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency domain) based on EMG signals that are collected from the muscles during dynamic and static movements.

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The half-metallic properties of Ti 2 YPb(Y = Co, Fe) Heusler alloys with a CuHg 2 Titype structure were examined within the frame of the density functional theory and the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerh of generalized gradient approximation (GGA). Analysis of the electronic band structures and density of states for Ti 2 YPb(Y = Co, Fe) revealed that the spin-up bands are metallic, whereas the spin-down bands exhibit gaps of 0.73 and 0.70 eV, respectively. The magnetic moments calculated for the Ti 2 YPb(Y = Co, Fe) alloys were found to be equal to 3 µ B /f.u. and 2 µ B /f.u., values which both follows the Slater-Pauling rule of Mt = Zt − 18. The compounds' negative enthalpy values should encourage their experimental realization in the future. The bandgap was elucidated to be mainly determined by the bonding and antibonding states created from the hybridizations of the d states between the Ti(1)-Ti(2) coupling and the Y = Co, Fe atom. The half-metallic properties of the Ti 2 YPb(Y = Co, Fe) compounds were found to be insensitive to lattice distortion, with full spin polarization achievable within a large range of lattice parameter values, making the alloys suitable for use in practical applications.