In this study comparing two types of simple house forms that were built without using count analysis. The building uses beams and columns that are usually used in a simple house in Indonesia. The modeled building consists of a square cross section and L cross section, also the modeled wall consists of a full wall, a wall with door openings, walls with door and window openings. Modeling using STERA 3D software to model non-engineered building comprise beams and columns and STERA FEM software for modeling walls. Modeling was carried out to analyze building shear stiffness, earthquake acceleration, and wall deflection when receiving loads. The loading in this study uses dead loads and earthquake loads using the time history method. The results of the modeling are the largest shear stiffness of a simple house building with a square cross-section of 35 kN/cm. The maximum land acceleration resulting is 8.72 m/s2. The largest wall deflection occurs at a load of 20 kN with a deflection value of 58.83 mm on the wall with door and window openings. The high deflection value is caused by the influence of the width openings on the wall and the load go down to the wall.

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In government project tenders in Indonesia, there are three types of budget plans, namely budget ceilings, owner estimate, and bid prices, including tenders for transportation infrastructure construction work. Budget ceilings, owner estimate, and bid prices often have considerable mathematical differences, which actually causes the use of the budget for transportation infrastructure development is not optimal. This article aims to see the extent of the differences in the budget ceiling, owner estimate, bid prices and to identify the causes of these differences in tenders for transportation infrastructure construction works in the city of Surabaya. This study uses a descriptive method with data collection carried out through the website https://lpse.surabaya.go.id, https://lpse.jatimprov.go.id, https://lpse. pu.go.id, and https://lpse.dephub.go.id. The data in this study amounted to 174 transportation infrastructure projects in the City of Surabaya which were tendered in 2017 -2021. The results showed that the difference in the average tender price in the form of a percentage was between owner estimate to the budget ceiling was 90.55%, winning bid price to owner estimate was 82.84%, and the winning bid price to the budget ceiling is 74.80%. The causes of differences in tender prices include differences in basic price data sources, differences in unit price analysis coefficients, differences in estimator perspectives, differences in price information provided, differences in interpretation of material technical specifications, differences in the distribution of overhead and profit figures, and differences in the unit price model used.

The significant difference between the owner estimate (OE) and the winning bid price (COGS) is expected to cause non-optimal use of the budget for transportation infrastructure development which indirectly causes hampering the acceleration of regional economic growth in a region. This study aims to analyze the differences that occur using mathematical models and parametric statistical analysis. The analysis was carried out on all transportation infrastructure projects in the East Java region from 2017 to 2021, namely 464 projects. The results of the analysis showed that a simple linear regression model was chosen to be the model that best describes the relationship between the owner estimate (OE) and the winning bid price (COGS). Parametric statistical analysis shows that the level of difference between the two variables is still within reasonable limits.

From the government's perspective, an electronic tender or e-tendering system in the procurement of goods and services in Indonesia is a platform to acknowledge good governance and public services since it enhances cost efficiency, effectiveness, shorter turnaround periods, delivers excellent public monitoring, fosters competitiveness, and increases government accountability. Nevertheless, numerous tenders have managed to fail during the implementation of e-tendering for construction works. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that contribute to tender failures throughout the Surabaya City area. The factors that contributed to the tender's failure were identified from the results of the 220 construction tenders stated on the LPSE website. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to obtain factors that cause e-tender failures from the data obtained. Administrative, technical, price, and qualification criteria are the most dominant four failure criteria. The most apparent cause for auction failure is the provider's inability to attach references to previous projects.