ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction of dental DNA exposed to different chemical solutions. The sample was composed by 15 subjects, from which 5 samples of oral mucosal cells (reference population) and 15 teeth (experimental population) were collected. The experimental population was divided in three equal parts, which were exposed to different chemical solutions, namely hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 37 %, formaldehyde (CH 2 O) at 10 % and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at 2.5 %. The DNA from the oral mucosa was extracted using organic method, while the dental DNA was extracted using the AFDIL method, including amplification by PCR and sequencing through capillary electrophoresis. The DNA exposed to hydrochloric acid dissolved, lacking extraction. The exposure of teeth to formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite did not interfere in the extraction of DNA, once the amplification was visible in both experimental populations. The present outcomes demonstrated that DNA extraction may be limited under exposure to chemical solutions.

As vacinas são cruciais na prevenção de doenças e representam uma estratégia coletiva de saúde pública. Elas possuem um histórico de sucesso desde a luta contra a varíola no século XVIII. Com o tempo foram desenvolvidas as vacinas clássicas e vacinas modernas decorrentes da aplicação da bioengenharia. Apesar da eficácia, o negacionismo tem ameaçado as estratégias de imunização. A pandemia do SARS-CoV-2, mesmo diante de ideologias contraditórias, destacou a importância das vacinas e do progresso da construção desses imunizantes para uma rápida prevenção. Dados de muitos países mostraram que a vacinação em massa foi essencial para controlar a COVID-19 e manter a cobertura de proteção. Além da prevenção, reduz a propagação de patógenos e contribui para a imunidade coletiva. Até o presente momento, as metodologias foram eficazes e com benefícios comprovados para a saúde pública. Em suma, as evidências corroboraram através do tempo mostrando que as vacinas são essenciais e a aplicação em larga escala é uma estratégia coletiva importante para proteger a população de diversos agravos.

This study investigated the prevalence and seasonal variation of phlebotomine sandflies, the vectors responsible for transmitting leishmaniasis, in the municipality of Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil. It provided insights into sandfly distribution and abundance in relation to climatic and ecological factors. The study revealed a higher population of sandflies in the rural area of Utinga, where favorable temperature and rainfall conditions were observed. The correlation between climatic variables and sandfly activity emphasized the importance of monitoring weather forecasts as an early warning system for disease outbreaks. The identification of prevalent species, known leishmaniasis vectors, raised concerns about disease transmission in Rio Largo. Here, we are reporting for the first time in the Alagoas State, the report of four Phlebotomus species: Psychodopygus complexus, Psychodopygus carrerai carrerai, Viannamyia caprina and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata. Also, understanding the relationship between climatic factors, ecological conditions, and sandfly presence is crucial for effective vector control and disease prevention strategies. Considering the impact of climate change on ecosystems, it is essential to consider its implications for leishmaniasis epidemiology. This study provides valuable insights into the ecology of phlebotomine sandflies in Rio Largo and highlights the need for integrated approaches to prevent and control leishmaniasis in endemic regions. These findings contribute to parasitology research and inform efforts to combat this vector-borne disease.