Abstract. Soelistijono R, Utami DS, Daryanti, Faizin M, Dian R. 2020. Plankton biodiversity in various typologies of inundation in Paminggir swamp, South Kalimantan, Indonesia on dry season. Biodiversitas 21: 1007-1011. This study aims to determine the morphological and anatomical characteristics of Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae associated with the roots of five Dendrobium species; to determine the association between Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae with the root of five Dendrobium sp.; to obtain difference between Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae with the other in adjacent location Mycorrhizal observations of Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae in this study were carried out macroscopically (morphologically) and microscopically (anatomically). The macroscopic observation was performed by observing directly the development of fungal colonies on culture media. Microscopic observations were performed to determine the shape of the hyphal of fungi and the number of nuclei. The results showed that the Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae associated with the root of five species of Dendrobium sp. in Java were the binucleate Rhizoctonia groups (BNR). The binucleate Rhizoctonia has white colonies, right-angle branching hyphae, two nuclei, and brown hyphae. The association of the root of five species of Dendrobium sp.with Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae fungi was indicated by the existence of a peloton structure in cortical root tissue.

Electricity is a concept that is abstract and difficult to see by eye directly, one example electric shock, but cannot see the movement of electric current so that students have difficulty by students. A computer simulation designed to improve the understanding of the concept of the workings of the dry cell (battery). This study was conducted to 82 students (aged 18-20 years) in the experimental group by learning to use the Dry Cell Microscopic Simulation (DCMS). The result shows the improving of students’ conceptual understanding scores from post test were statistically significantly of the workings of batteries. The implication using computer simulations designed to overcome the difficulties of conceptual understanding, can effectively help students in facilitating conceptual change.

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Students’ conceptions an important role in achieving learning goals, especially in the concept of light waves in physics. The aim of this research is to measure students’ conceptions of light waves. This research is a survey with 519 respondents (K-11 students with an age of about 17 years old consisting of 399 females named “Mba’e” and 120 Males named “Le” calling in Central Java). The instrument used is the seven questions from MOLWI that have been developed. The research results are categorized based on six conception categories: Sound Understanding (SU); Partial Positive (PP); Partial Negative (PN); Misconception (MC); No Understanding (NU); and No Coding (NC). The results show that the concept of students in Central Java on the concept of light waves is in the category SU = 29%, PP = 3%, PN = 26%, NU = 4%, MC = 27%, and NC = 0%.

Modernization to deliver the process in diversifying the socio-economic role of pesantren is undeniable things. Consequently, pesantren must take immediate action if they want to maintain their role and function. In this context, this article wants to describe the widespread mandate of a pesantren in Jember, namely Pesantren Nurul Qornain (PNQ), those takes part –not only empowerment in the field of education- but also play role in the development of economic enterprises. This is then reviewed in the perspective of maqashid al-shari’ah (the purpose of shari’a). Throughout qualitative study, this article explains that pesantren alumni and local society involved in the management of PNQ economic enterprises. Some of developed business unit in the area of agriculture, trading, animal farm, plantation, and mining. Furthermore, the main factor behind PNQ in managing economic enterprises is pesantren sovereignty. It is initiated by kiai (the leader of pesantren). According to him, pesantren can develop rapidly if they sovereign in all aspects. This sovereignty is interpreted as economic sovereignty. However, economic development is as determining factor in supporting the existence of pesantren. Additionally, the development of economic enterprises carries out by PNQ in line with the value of hifdhul maal (the maintenance of property). Hence, it is prospective benefits if it can be replicated by Islamic educational institution nowadays.