The present study investigated the effect of electrical stimulation for IVD regeneration and curbing the inflammation and pain at the defect site using ex-vivo porcine disc model. The electrical stimulation increased the matrix regeneration through upregulating the ACAN and SOX-9 gene expressions, downregulating the pain markers and pro-inflammatory gene markers.

No abstract

Primary urinary bladder amyloidosis is a rare disorder of protein metabolism characterized by the extracellular deposition of fibrillin. To date, fewer than 200 cases have been reported in the literature. We herein present a case of 59-year-old female with primary multifocal recurrent urinary bladder amyloidosis. The patient was treated with a new method (laser therapy) mentioned for the first time in the literature. After 18 months of treatment, the patient has no complaints. Our case illustrates a new procedure in the treatment of primary multifocal bladder amyloidosis.