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Due to excessive use of synthetic pesticides the pest resistance developed along with pesticide residues accumulation in crops. Therefore, in order to control pests, many nations are switching from chemical-based agriculture to "green" agriculture, which makes extensive use of biopesticides. The destructive pest black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous species that economically lead to loss to a broad range of crops including corn, cotton, wheat and many vegetables through the damage of foliar and roots. In this study we tested the lethal activity of Lemon Peel Essential Oil (LPEO) and its nano-form (LPEO-NPs) against the biological parameters of the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon(Hufnagel). Lemon Peel Essential Oil (LPEO) has insecticidal activity against the black cutworm and causes different levels of effects on biological parameters of A. ipsilon according to its concentration and formulation. The overall data points to possible uses of nanoformulated essential oils in pest control. The overall data points to possible uses of nanoformulated essential oils in pest control.

The scarcity of oil and gas resources through the whole world put the scientific community in a challenge to secure an alternative source of fuel. The tendency to go for hydrogen as a clean fuel and an energy carrier brings in safety issues that have to be addressed before any wide consent can be achieved. In this regard, availability of accurate modelling techniques is very useful. This paper presents Large Eddy Simulations (LES) as a modelling technique for propagating turbulent premixed flames of hydrogen-air mixtures in a laboratory scale combustion chamber. A Dynamic Flame Surface Density (DFSD) model where the reaction rate is combined with the fractal analysis of the flame front structure, is employed and tested. The fractal dimension is evaluated dynamically based on the instantaneous flow field. The main focus of the current work is to establish the LES technique as a good numerical tool to calculate turbulent premixed hydrogen flames having an equivalence ratio of 0.7. Developing this capability has practical importance in understanding different combustion phenomena like explosion hazards, internal combustion engines and gas turbine combustors. The results obtained with the DFSD model compare well with published experimental data. A detailed analysis is planned for further validation for the LES-DFSD model for different flow geometries with hydrogen combustion.

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