Hyperglycemic diabetic have a deficit in their non-specific defense. The present study investigated phagocytosis of Nitrobluetetrazolium in 62 diabetic patients with age between (5-70) years, and with variable disease period (1-20) years of both sex; (31) of them are IDDM, other are NIDDM. All patients were divided in two groups depending their glucose level (more 200mg/dl) and (less than 160mg/dl) and were compared with control. The results indicated a significant reduction in phagocytic activity in all diabetic patients, moreover a significant reduction (p≤0.05) in phagocytic activity in both IDDM, NIDDM. On the other hand a significant reduction in phagocytic activity in the two groups of IDDM, NIDDM (glucose level more than 200mg/dl) and (160mg/dl) when compared with control. The study suggests that all diabetics have a significant reduction in their phagocytic activity, and this reduction is not related to the type of disease, age, sex, but depending on the glucose level in blood.

Our study includes the estimation of absolute number of T-lymphocytes by using (E-rosette) test in diabetic patients with hyperglycemia. The study included the collection of (20 )blood samples from individuals Type I ,II diabetes mellitus, ten of them were of type one I others of  type II, with age range between (8-55)years and of both sexes. Blood samples from healthy individuals as control samples were used as well. The study showed a significant decrease in absolute numbers of T-lymphocytes in diabetic patients when compared with control and also a significant reduction in the absolute number in type I and type II diabetic patients compared with control, our result suggest that there is a defect in T-lymphocytes numbers in diabetic patients with hyperglycemia.