Acoustic laboratory measurements have been conducted for forty-two sandstone samples at fully air and water saturation. This study is an attempt to learn more about the behavior of both P-wave and S-wave velocity in porous sandstone rock samples for both dry and wet conditions.The statistical analysis indicates that higher values of the P-wave velocity are obtained for saturated samples and lower values are obtained for dry samples. The average P-wave velocity of dry rock samples is 2766 m/s and the average P-wave velocity of wet rock samples is 2950 m/s. The S-wave velocity is higher in the dry state with an average value of 1585 m/s. The average S-wave velocity of wet rock samples is 1357 m/s. The derived equations can be used for the prediction of P-wave velocity of wet rock samples from the P-wave velocity of dry rock samples, and the S-wave velocity of wet rock samples can be predicted from the S-wave velocity of dry rock samples. A strong linear correlation between P-wave velocity and S-wave velocity of dry rock samples and between P-wave velocity and S-wave velocity of wet rock samples was found. The resulting linear equations can be used for the estimation of S-wave velocity from the P-wave velocity in the case of both dry and wet rock samples. ª 2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Water manufactured is the primary waste source in the oil and gas industry. Because of the rising amount of waste worldwide, the environmental effect of wastewater has become a primary environmental concern in recent years. The vast amounts involved have resulted in considerable costs to the industry for handling produced water. This research explains the wide variety of choices for water management. This research's first phase was water minimization techniques, consisting of three different applications made in three different wells (Well 1, Well 2 and Well 3) and water recycling and reuse by two techniques. In Well 1, Mechanical shut-off technique was applied using through tubing bridge plug and 5 m cement dumped above it to isolate the watered out zone; as per water oil ration plot the water cut is decreased from 100% to 4% and the production is increased from 0 to 400 bcpd. In Well 2, Chemical shut-off technique using a polymer called Brightwater has been used to block channeling through high permeability intervals after PLT log detected it, and the result was brilliant, the water cut decreased from 60% to 25%, also the oil production increase from 500 to 3000 bopd. In Well 3, downhole separator installed in it using workover (unfortunately, this technique is not applied in middle east till the moment so this application is taken from an oil field in Canada)and the result was perfect, the water cut decreased from 70% to 28%, also the oil production increase from 44 to 100 bopd. This study tried to clarify and compare the most widely used water management techniques using one of the Western Desert (W.D.) (enhanced for oil recovery, constructed wetland).
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