Review on the Estimating the Effective Way for Managing the Produced Water: Case Study

Abstract

Water manufactured is the primary waste source in the oil and gas industry. Because of the rising amount of waste worldwide, the environmental effect of wastewater has become a primary environmental concern in recent years. The vast amounts involved have resulted in considerable costs to the industry for handling produced water. This research explains the wide variety of choices for water management. This research's first phase was water minimization techniques, consisting of three different applications made in three different wells (Well 1, Well 2 and Well 3) and water recycling and reuse by two techniques. In Well 1, Mechanical shut-off technique was applied using through tubing bridge plug and 5 m cement dumped above it to isolate the watered out zone; as per water oil ration plot the water cut is decreased from 100% to 4% and the production is increased from 0 to 400 bcpd. In Well 2, Chemical shut-off technique using a polymer called Brightwater has been used to block channeling through high permeability intervals after PLT log detected it, and the result was brilliant, the water cut decreased from 60% to 25%, also the oil production increase from 500 to 3000 bopd. In Well 3, downhole separator installed in it using workover (unfortunately, this technique is not applied in middle east till the moment so this application is taken from an oil field in Canada)and the result was perfect, the water cut decreased from 70% to 28%, also the oil production increase from 44 to 100 bopd. This study tried to clarify and compare the most widely used water management techniques using one of the Western Desert (W.D.) (enhanced for oil recovery, constructed wetland).

Synthesis of novel solid scale inhibitors based on silver tungstate loaded KIT-6 for scale removal from produced water: static and modeling evaluation

“…29,30 The cations listed include Na 1+ , K 1+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ , and Ba 2+ . The anions listed include Cl 1− , SO 4 2− , and HCO 3 1− . The concentrations are different for the formation water and injection water, with the injection water having lower concentrations for most cations and anions.…”

“…Scaling is a major problem in many industrial processes, where it can lead to decreased productivity and increased maintenance costs. 1 In many industrial applications, scaling due to the deposition of solid minerals on equipment surfaces is a major issue. 2 Scale formation can result in a reduction in heat transfer efficiency, an increase in energy consumption, and equipment failure.…”

“…2 Scale formation can result in a reduction in heat transfer efficiency, an increase in energy consumption, and equipment failure. 3,4 Oilfield scaling is the precipitation of inorganic salts from aqueous solutions in the petroleum reservoir. 5 In oil and gas aqueous systems, Ca 2+ , Ba 2+ , and Sr 2+ are the scaling cations often encountered.…”

Nanotechnology Impact on Chemical-Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Recent Developments

“…Silica nanoparticles can improve the compatibility of two immiscible fluids by altering their wettability, interfacial tension, and contact angle. 1,9,10,58 Nanofluid concentration, particle size, injection rate, and slug size are some variables affecting oil recovery by nanofluid flooding. One of the key factors for improving oil recovery is nanofluid concentration.…”

“…6 New technologies use different materials and processes during tertiary oil recovery, including the following four types: carbon dioxide injection, natural gas miscible injection, surfactant injection, and steam recovery. 7,8 The injection of miscible gas can enhance oil production by recovering reservoir pressure, decreasing the interfacial tension between the displacing gas and oil, and increasing the displacement and microscopic efficiency. 9 Commonly, thermal methods use a variety of ways to heat heavy oil reservoirs, such as cyclic steam stimulation (CSS), steam flooding, and steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD).…”