GRICULTURE provides food for humans, directly and indirectly. ….. Given the increasing world population, it is necessary to use the modern technologies such as nanotechnology in agricultural sciences. Nanotechnology has been defined as relating to materials, systems and processes which operate at a scale of 100 nanometers (nm) or less. Nanotechnology has many applications in all stages of production, processing, storing, packaging and transport of agricultural products. Nanotechnology will revolutionize agriculture and food industry by innovation of new techniques such as: precision farming techniques, enhancing the ability of plants to absorb nutrients, more efficient and targeted use of inputs, disease detection and control diseases, withstand environmental pressures and effective systems for processing, storage and packaging, increase the efficiency of applied fertilizer with the help of nano clays and zeolites and restoration of soil fertility by releasing fixed nutrients. Research on smart seeds programmed to germinate under favourable conditions with nanopolymer coating are encouraging. Nanoherbicides are being developed to address the problems in perennial weed management and exhausting weed seed bank. Efficiency of medicine increases by use of nano particle in animal sciences. Silver and iron nano particles are used in the treatment and disinfection of livestock and poultry. Levels of environment pollution can be evaluated quickly by nano smart dust and gas sensors.

Objectives: Congenital heart defect (CHD) represents almost 33% of all major congenital deformities, representing a worldwide health problem. The aim of the study is to identify the value of lecithin, cephalin, sphingomyelin & other phospholipids screening in the pathogenesis and prognosis of CHDs and consequently improve their management. Methods: A total of 89 child with CHDs were included [35 atrial septal defect (ASD), 27 ventricular septal defect (VSD) and 27 patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)] and 34 child as a control group. Biochemical analysis of the plasma levels of total and different component of phospholipids for both CHD and control group were done by colorimetry and two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Assay of plasma L-carnitine level was done by ELISA for both patients and control group. Results: The overall results of the present study revealed a significant reduction in the total phospholipids among CHD patients in comparison to the control group; also, a significant change in the phospholipid profile. A significant lower plasma L-carnitine levels in the CHDs group when compared with the control group (p < 0. 001). Conclusions: Disturbed total and differential types of phospholipids &plasma L-carnitine levels occurs in children with CHDs. Moreover, cell-specific targeting of L-carnitine and phospholipid biosynthetic pathways might serve as a possible strategy for helping favorable outcome in management of CHDs.