Purpose Comparison of early microvascular changes detected by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with healthy volunteers. Patients and Methods Forty-four eyes of 44 type-2 diabetic patients with mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 30 eyes of 30 age-matched healthy controls were imaged using OCTA to quantify microvascular changes and the FAZ quantitative parameters (area, perimeter, and circularity index); the values of patients and controls were then compared. Results Macular vessel density, perfusion index, and circularity index values were reduced and positively correlated with visual acuity in patients (15.4 ± 2.6, 38.0 ± 6.7, 0.6 ± 0.06 and p = 0.003, 0.001, and 0.003, respectively). However, FAZ area and perimeter were found to be larger in patients than controls (0.30 ± 0.08, 2.5 ± 0.3 and p < 0.001). Conclusion OCTA quantified vessel density and perfusion density were found to be correlated with visual acuity and FAZ parameters in patients with early NPDR; this could help in detecting early disease progression and modifying treatment decisions.

Purpose To evaluate variability in measured intraocular pressure (IOP) values when correlated with central corneal thickness measurements obtained by both ultrasonic and optical tools. Patients and Methods We included 46 eyes of 46 healthy subjects (age range 35–76 years). Exclusion criteria for the current study were patients with confirmed diagnosis of glaucoma, glaucoma suspect patients and those having corneal opacities, scars or prior cornea-based laser vision correction. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured using two methods: ultrasonically (CCT1) by pachymeter and optically (CCT2) using anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). The IOP was measured in all subjects using Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). Results No significant difference was detected comparing intraocular pressure values and CCT-corrected intraocular pressure (IOPcc1 and IOPcc2) ( P =0.47 and P =0.06, respectively) among the study participants. A significant negative correlation was found between corneal thickness-corrected IOP values and the measured central corneal thickness by both optical and ultrasonic tools ( P =0.004 and P =0.001, respectively). Conclusion Intraocular pressure appears to be dependent and positively correlated with CCT changes. However, this does not appear to depend largely on methods used for measuring the CCT in the current study. Corrected intraocular pressure is negatively correlated to both ultrasonically and optically measured central corneal thickness.

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Background The study aims at evaluating the time-course changes of pre-corneal tear film after simultaneous phacoemulsification and limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs) performed in 2 groups of patients; group-A had vertical and group-B had horizontal LRIs. Methods Fourty-two eyes of 28 patients with co-existing cataract and corneal astigmatism were studied before and after simultaneous cataract surgery and LRIs (at weeks 1, 4 and 12), patients were classified into 2 groups according to the orientation of LRIs; vertical (A) and horizontal (B) groups. Pre-corneal tear film stability was assessed by measuring the tear break-up time (TBUT) and the tear volume was determined using Schirmer’s I test (Basic Schirmer’s test; BST), both preoperatively and postoperatively. Results TBUT was significantly reduced in both the study groups (P = 0.001) without significant reduction regarding basic Schirmer’s test values except for the first postoperative week in the horizontal LRI group-B (P = 0.04). Conclusions Precorneal tear film stability is altered in the early postoperative period after simultaneous cataract and LRI incisions shown by TBUT measurement values. These changes do not appear to differ significantly depending on the orientation of LRI incisions.

polycystic ovary syndrome is the commonest cause of an ovulatory infertility, and is the most common endocrine abnormality in reproductive age women.IN these study we try to evaluate the efficacy of co-administration of low-dose aspirin and clomiphene citrate on ovulation rates, endometrial thickness and clinical pregnancy rates in cases of clomiphene resistant PCOS at Minia university hospital over one year. Our study include 81 patient diagnosed with PCOS. Color and power Doppler ultrasonography was performed before and after treatment. Induction of ovulation done by clomiphene citrate 150 mg tablets and accompanied by a daily oral low dose of aspirin (75mg). Folliculometry, Endometrial thickness and appearance were assessed before and after treatment. We found that Dominant follicles of the studied group , Endometrial thickness and appearance and Clinical pregnancy rate were highly statistically significant differences between before and after treatment. Our clinical trial showed that low-dose aspirin administration results in high pregnancy rate. LDA seems to be a useful, effective, cheap and safe treatment in patients who undergo ovulation induction.