The first-order small-slope approximation (SSA-1) model is used for numerical predictions of the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) of an anisotropic ocean surface in bistatic configurations for the K u -band radar frequency. The calculations were made by assuming the Elfouhaily et al. surface-height spectrum for fully developed seas. In the forward-backward case, the SSA-1 presents an agreement with the geometric optics limit of the Kirchhoff approximation results in the near-specular directions where it is well known that the last model works well. In the fully bistatic case, SSA-1 numerical results are compared with those of the two-scale model in several configurations as a function of wind speed, wind direction, incident/scattering angles and for co-and cross-polarization states. Good agreement between the two models is noted in the co-and cross-polarization case with a small difference of about 1-2 dB. But in certain configurations, the SSA-1 model tends to overestimate the radar cross section peak behaviour. This irregularity is discussed and interpreted. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse NRCS predictions based on the SSA-1 model in a fully bistatic configuration.

Abstract-The present paper sets out to present a numerical electromagnetic (EM) method TWA for EM field modeling of planar structures. Combining both the benefits of TWA process and the modeling of planar excitation source, an optimization technique AMT is applied and evaluated in context of RF integrated-circuit applications. The computational complexity of TWA process is examined and the obtained simulation results are found to be in good agreement with literature. Index Terms-Transverse wave approach (TWA), anisotropic mesh technique (AMT), computational complexity, planar structures 384Ayari, Aguili, and Baudrand

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Abstract-In this paper, a novel version of the transverse wave approach (TWA) based on two-dimensional non-uniform fast Fourier mode transform (2D-NUFFMT) is presented and developed for fullwave analysis of RF integrated circuits (RFICs). An adaptive mesh refinement is applied in this advanced TWA process and CPU computation time is evaluated throughout 30 GHz patch antenna, application belonging to wireless systems. The TWA in its novel version is favorably compared with the conventional one in presence of AMT technique in the context of EM simulations. Another version of TWA is outlined to illustrate a computationally efficient way to handle an arbitrary mesh for RFICs analysis with high complexity problems.

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