With water shortage and increasing demand for water, education may have an important role in promoting the sustainable management of water resources. Educational curricula are the key resources used by teachers for studentsʼ teaching and training purposes. This study assessed water culture and water education-related criteria and standards in programmes and school curricula for Primary, Middle and upper Secondary school education in Morocco. It also investigated teachers for suggestions and views regarding methods for water-related topics and concepts implementation. The main tools used consisted of a content analysis grid for programmes and educational guidelines. A questionnaire and interviews were administered to 95 teachers of different subject areas, belonging to the three investigated school levels. Findings showed that the occurrence of water education criteria and standards is weak in school curricula of the investigated school levels. They were explicitly or implicitly addressed depending on the subject areas. The main topics consisted of water cycle definition, water as a vital source, water pollution sources, water economy interest. However, no reference has been made to water law, its accessibility, aesthetics and water-related professions.

The present study attempts to identify the difficulties of teaching and learning geology in Moroccan secondary qualifying classes. Teachers of the Life Sciences and Earth Sciences and their pupils at the Inzegane Ait Melloul delegation were administered questionnaires. Based on the analysis of the themes taught and the typologies of obstacles evoked, a bibliographic synthesis allowed us to list the notions which are likely to pose the difficulties presumed in geology. Thus, 23 open and closed questions were distributed to seven teachers. Also, ten questions were distributed to students. The results showed that both pupils and teachers experience several difficulties in the teaching and learning of geology. Thus, the various means of continuing education in geology which are made available to teachers were disqualified. It involves only a minority of them. This is in addition to the complexity of the geological content and the insufficiency of its hourly volume. The excessive number of pupils causes the classes to be overloaded, European Scientific Journal July 2017 edition Vol.13, No.18 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 295 in which the weak prerequisite is added in the geology of these pupils. The difficulties of learning geology are largely related to the relationship that this discipline maintains with space and long time. This, therefore, make it difficult for pupils to understand several complex geological phenomena. The ineffectiveness of teaching methods tailored to the classroom by teachers, the absence, failure or lack of mobilization of teaching and ICT resources, inadequacy or absence of field trips, and the manipulations and negligence of scientific modeling in majority of the classes surveyed influences the learning of geology as well as the students' interest in these courses. This makes it a boring and unwelcome matter for most students.Keywords: Teaching, learning, Earth Sciences, difficulties, qualifying secondary classes RésuméLa présente étude tente de déceler les difficultés de l'enseignement et de l'apprentissage de la géologie en classe secondaires qualifiantes marocaines. Des enseignants de la matière des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre et ses élèves à la délégation Inzegane Ait Melloul sont soumis à des questionnaires ; réalisés à partir de l'analyse des thèmes enseignés et des typologies d'obstacles évoquées suite à une synthèse bibliographique, ce qui nous a permis de lister les notions susceptibles de poser les difficultés pressenties en géologie. Ainsi 23 questions tant ouvertes que fermées, réparties sur sept principales parties ont été proposées aux enseignants et 10 questions réparties sur cinq parties ont été présentées aux élèves. Les résultats ont montré que l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de la géologie sont confrontés à plusieurs difficultés aussi bien pour les élèves que pour les enseignants. Ainsi les moyens de la formation continue en géologie qui sont mis à la disposition des enseignants sont déqualifiés et ne concernent qu'une minorité d'entre eux, en plus...