Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder of reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic functions. Vitamin D has an influence on metabolic and reproductive functions. This study was designed to explore the levels of free 25 hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)-D] in PCOS patients. We also aimed to clarify the impact of vitamin D supplementation on cardio-metabolic status, androgen profile, and clinical features of PCOS. Results Our results revealed significant lower levels of serum 25(OH)-D in PCOS women compared with healthy controls. Even more importantly, our results reported that 25(OH)-D levels were negatively correlated with cardio-metabolic risk factors, androgenic profile, and clinical features of PCOS. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), fasting serum insulin (FSI), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were the main predictors of 25(OH)-D levels among other clinical and laboratory biomarkers. Considering the impact of VD supplementation in the PCOS group, there were significant improvements of cardio-metabolic risks, PCOS phenotype, and androgenic profile. Even more important, these results are associated with increasing 25(OH)-D serum levels after VD supplementations. Logistic regression analysis observed that androstenedione, FSI, and hirsutism score were independent predictors of response to VD supplementation. Conclusion The supplementation of VD for 12 weeks improved the cardio-metabolic and androgenic profiles of PCOS. Furthermore, VD supplementation could be a promising treatment of PCOS and its associated morbidity in PCOS-deficient women. Trial registration NCT04117750

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Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder characterized by obesity, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance (IR). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA associated with ovarian follicle development and female fertility. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of miRNA- 320 and its target gene endothelin-1 (ET-1) as a noninvasive biomarker of PCOS and to evaluate its possible relationship with IR as well as clinic-morphological features of PCOS. Methods Case-control study enrolled 60 patients with PCOS and 40 control group. We subdivided our PCOS women according to homeostasis model assessments of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) to PCOS women with and without IR.ET-1 levels were measured by ELISA. We estimated the serum expression level of miRNA- 320 by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Our results revealed that serum miR-320 expression level was lower in PCOS patients compared to controls, in particular, PCOS women with IR. Moreover, it was negatively correlated to its target gene; ET-I as well as fasting serum insulin (FSI), HOMA-IR, PCOS phenotype; hirsutism score, ovarian volume and antral follicle count (AFC). In the PCOS group, linear regression analysis revealed that only hirsutism and HOMA-IR was the main predictor of expression levels of miRNA − 320 among other clinical and laboratory biomarkers of PCOS. The sensitivity and specificity of serum miR-320 expression levels in diagnosis PCOS was 80, and 97.5% respectively. Conclusion The Expression serum levels of miR-320 were lower in PCOS compared to control and it could be a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker of PCOS.

Objectives: Serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) is the commonest ovarian carcinoma type with poor prognosis due to early metastasis and first presentation with advanced stage. In this work, we investigated serum level of Galactin-1 (Gal-1) and its tissue immunohistochemical expression in SOC patients at different stages trying to find out its significance as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. Patients and methods: The study included 95 females I-Control group: Twenty five healthy females; II-Patients group: Seventy females diagnosed as SOC at different stages; Stage I: 8 cases, Stage II: 12 cases, Stage III: 32 cases and Stage VI:18 cases. Serum Galectin-1 and CA-125 were measured by ELIZA and tissue Galectin-1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. All patients were followed for up to 3 years after surgery. Results: Serum Gal-1 and CA-125 levels were significantly higehr in SOC patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). We found a direct positive statistically significant correlation between serum Gal-1 and CA125 levels (p < 0.001). Serum Gal-1 at cut off value > 135 ng/ml was superior to CA-125 a cut off value > 49 u/ml with sensitivity, specificity of 100%, vs 88.57, 96% for CA-125. Serum Gal-1 was significantly associated with tumor stage (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed that patients with strong Gal-1 expression had higher serum level (p = 0.002). Stromal and tumor Gal-1 expression were significantly correlated with tumor grade (p < 0.001) and stage (p = 0.001). Serum Gal-1, CA-125

Background: A great number of pregnant ladies worldwide experience suturing for perineal injury after labour and the kind of repair may affect healing and perineal pain. For over 80 years, most researchers have been proposing that technique of continuous suturing for repairing vagina, pelvic floor muscles and skin are related with less pain than that of interrupted techniques. This study aims to assess the effects of continuous versus interrupted suturing techniques for episiotomy repair following childbirth. Methods: The study included 150 pregnant women admitted for labour underwent a mediolateral episiotomy before vaginal delivery at Zagazig University Hospitals and AlAhrar teaching hospital. in the period from October 2017 to December 2018. Patients were at random assigned into two groups: group A and group B. Group A: were repaired by continuous suturing technique using polyglactin 910 (vicryl) sutures No 2/0. Including 75 patients. Group B: were repaired by interrupted suturing technique using polyglactin 910 (vicryl) sutures No 2/0. Including 75 patients. Results: The results exhibited that there was highly statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding time needed for repair, amount of suture material and Perineal pain at 6 & 12 hours measured by VAS scales lower at continuous group, and nonsignificant difference after that. There was non-significant difference between the two groups regarding Amount of blood loss, Perineal repair rate, need for analgesics, Post-natal stay, Wound infection, Healing defects, Dyschezia, Dyspareunia Cosmetic disfigurement and Patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Continuous suturing technique is recommended over interrupted suturing technique since it is associated with less perineal pain in first days of post-natal period, suture material amount used and less time needed to be performed.