Background: Cadmium (Cd) is considered a health hazard due to its industrial use. Lungs and kidneys are the primary organs affected by its toxicity. Inflammatory response in lung tissue is mediated by Cd exposure until it becomes dysfunctional. Cd damages DNA indirectly by increasing reactive oxygen species generation, which interacts with DNA defense system leading to genomic instability. Curcumin (C) has multiple health benefits, as well as its Nano-formulation, Nano-curcumin (NC), which has potential to increase biological and pharmacological actions of curcumin. Aim: To focus on Cd-mediated inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in lung tissue of adult male albino rat and use NC as a potential therapeutic agent. Methods and methods: Thirty adult albino male rats were split into three groups, each with ten rats: control (group I), Cd treated (group II), and Cd+NC treated (group III). Rats were sacrificed and lungs were extracted for light microscopic and ultra-structural examination. IL-6 and TNF-α concentration were estimated and lung cellular survival genes; Bax and Bcl2 expression was evaluated by PCR. Results: Alveolar damage with loss of normal lung architecture were seen in H&E-stained sections of group II confirmed by ultrastructural investigation revealing cellular cytoplasmic vacuolations with degenerated mitochondria. In group II, IL-6, TNF-α and Bax gene were increased, whereas Bcl2 gene was decreased with increased Bax/Bcl-2 genes ratio expression. NC treated group showed cellular restoration, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased Bax/Bcl-2 genes ratio expression. Conclusions: NC can be taken as a medicinal supplement to ease Cd poisoning risk in lungs.

Background: Chronic wounds are wounds that have failed to proceed through the normal process of healing. There are varying etiologies of chronic wounds, which all create a burden upon the health care system. Aim of Study:The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in the effect between negative pressure therapy and polarized light therapy on chronic wound healing.Patients and Methods: Thirty patients were diagnosed by a physician as chronic wound patients (grade 2 and 3). Their age ranged from 45 to 65 years. Patientswere selected from Cairo University Hospitals. They were distributed randomly into two groups (A, B) equal in numbers. Group A received negative pressure therapy daily with dressings changes 3 times a week with the traditional medical treatment for 6 weeks. Group B received polarized light therapy for 10min 3 times aweek with the traditional medical treatment for 6 weeks. Wound surface area and wound volume were assessed by tracing method and saline respectively pretreatment, 3 weeks and 6 weeks after treatment.The study was carried out from July 2020 to October 2020.Results: There were no significant difference in wound surface area and wound volume between groups pre-treatment (p>0.05). Comparison between both groups post-treatment revealed a non-significant difference in wound surface area and wound volume at post I (p>0.05); however, there were a significant decrease in wound surface area (p=0.02) and wound volume (p=0.01) of group A compared with that of group B at post II. Conclusion:These results suggested that negative pressure therapy was more effective than polarized light therapy in reducing surface area and wound volume of chronic wound.