Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of malignancy in females all over the world. Continuous scientific research for the discovery of new markers helping is a cornerstone for early disease detection and proper management. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the role of Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as prognostic markers for breast cancer in an Egyptian female population. Patients and Methods: 120 BC patients and 30 healthy controls were the subjects of the study; serum NGAL levels were investigated and correlated with the clinicopathologic characteristics of the BC patients. Results: Our study showed that NGAL was significantly different between healthy controls and BC patients, and  it revealed a gradual increase with disease severity. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that NGAL could be diagnostic marker for early case detection, and was shown to be associated with breast cancer prognosis, supporting its role as prognostic biomarker.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a well-documented major cause of female morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ongoing research era is focusing on the establishment of diagnostic and prognostic markers, helping for early pick up of the cases, proper prognosis evaluation and clarifying reliable treatment strategy. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the role of  Ki-67 as prognostic marker for breast cancer  in Egyptian females population. Patients and Methods: 120 BC patients and 30 age and BMI matching health controls are the subjects of the study, Ki-67 index values were investigated by immunohistochemistry that was performed on 5-lm slides of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded archival tumor tissue (core needle biopsy samples). Antigen retrieval was performed in a micro-oven in citrate buffer pH 6 for 20 minutes. Ki-67–stained slides were captured digitally at a hot spot at 3200 magnification. The Ki-67 labeling index was measured using digital image analysis software. Image analysis was performed by an experienced pathologist. Ki-67 index values were correlated with the clinicopathologic aspects of the BC patients. Results: Our study showed that Ki-67 index values revealed gradual increase with disease severity and correlated with poor prognosis aspects. Conclusion: Ki-67 index values are shown to be associated with breast cancer prognosis,  supporting their role as prognostic biomarkers.

Introduction: Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a central calcification inhibitor of vascular wall. The biological activation of the calcification-inhibitory protein MGP can be achieved by simple administration of oral vitamin K. Aim: The study was conducted to assess the effect of vitamin k supplementation on vascular calcification and to evaluate its effect on MGA in hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: Forty adult patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on regular hemodialysis sessions, thrice weekly, were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned into two groups. Vitamin K group consisted of 20 patients were given oral vitamin K at 10 mg after each session of dialysis for a duration of one year. No-Vitamin K group included 20 patients didn’t receive vitamin K. All patients were subjected to the following: Matrix Gla protein (MGP), in addition to, plain digital abdominal x-ray and doppler ultrasound. Results: After one-year of vitamin K supplementation, a significant increase in MGP levels in Vitamin K group (75.7±26 ng/mL) were noticed. There were no significant changes in CIMT and AACS in Vitamin K group after vitamin K supplementation in compared to their baseline levels, while the CIMT and AACS were significantly increased in No-Vitamin K group in compared to their baseline levels. Conclusion: Vitamin K supplementation could not stop vascular calcifications but significantly attenuate their progression.

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and one of the most common mortality causes among females worldwide. Accordingly, it is a main concern of scientists and doctors. Evolving serum tumor markers helping to early diagnosis of the breast cancer and estimating important prognostic factors is then mandatory. Among them are the cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) as well as the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Some researchers concluded their prognostic importance while others not. Aim of the study: This research was aimed at assessing the prognostic function of CA 15-3 and CEA in the Egyptian females. Patients and methods: Research participants are 120 BC patients and 30-year-old and BMI corresponding safety checks; the rates of CEA serum and CA 15-3 were studied and associated with the clinicopathological features of BC patients. Results: Our study showed that both markers increase significantly between healthy controls and patients with BC, and gradually increased with severity of the disease. Conclusion: our findings suggest that the levels of serum CA 15-3 and CEA were closley related to the prognosis of breast cancer, that showing a gradual increase with the severity of the disease, supporting their role as biomarkers of prognosis.

Background: in Egypt, Breast carcinoma is the most common malignancy affecting women. It is claimed for 32 % of cancer in women. It is essential to clarify and assess prognostic factors associated with the breast cancer as they are the corner stone to identify the high risk groups who can benefit from adjuvant therapy and improving their disease prognosis. Aim of the study: in this study, we aimed to assess the value of serum omentin-1 levels as prognostic markers for breast cancer in Egyptian females. Patients and methods: 120 BC patients and 30 age and BMI matching health controls are the subjects of the study; we assessed the omentin-1 levels in the serum and correlated them with the clinicopathologic aspects in the BC patients. Results: our study showed that omentin-1 is significantly differing between healthy controls and BC patients, and revealed gradual increase with disease severity. Conclusion: our findings suggested that omentin-1 could be diagnostic marker for early cases detection and associated with breast cancer prognosis, supporting its role as prognostic biomarkers.