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Abstract-In 2008, the fourth passive element "Memristor" was implemented as a device having both passivity and nonvolatile properties opening the way into new possibilities in the design and fabrication of innovative memory, arithmetic and logic architectures. Nano-features and ionic transport mechanism inherent in memristor device introduce new challenges into modeling, characterization and, in particular, in the related circuit simulation needs with system constructs. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze memristor device fundamentally to characterize the memristance paying particular attention to the hidden memcapacitance effect. Our proposed macro-model modifies takes into account some of the non ideal effects like tunneling current and the hidden memcapacitor constructed across non conducting materials. The model provides the insight for building a device as either memristive or memcapacitive system. The simulation results have been compared with HP published data which show good agreement.

Background: Hernias are caused by a weakness in the abdominal wall along with increased intra-abdominal pressure and poor wound healing. Ventral (incisional) hernias usually result from a weakness in the abdominal wall after abdominal surgery, especially in the obese patient. Aim of Study:To investigate the effect of pre-operative abdominal training on abdominal muscle strength outcomes after ventral hernia repair by using isokinetic dynamometer as a method of evaluation.Methods: 30 patients their age ranged between 20-45 years with ventral hernia, they were directed to operative hernia repair. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group (A) (control group) and Group (B) (study group). Isokinetic dynamometer was used to evaluate abdominal muscle strength at 3 occasions, first (initial assessment), second (pre-operative assessment), and third (6 months postoperative assessment). For Group (A) (control group); they were instructed to presume their activities of daily living preoperatively. For Group (B) (study group); they received selective abdominal training program for 30min. 3 times per week for 6 weeks pre-operatively.Results: The result showed that there was a significant increase in abdominal muscle strength post-operatively in study (abdominal training) group compared to control group.Conclusion: It was concluded that pre operative abdominal muscle training was effective for strengthening abdominal muscles after ventral hernia repair.

This study aimed to identify the reality of applying administrative entrepreneurship in public secondary schools in Egypt and its constraints from the view point of the administrators and teachers. It aimed also to identify the impact of these variables: job, experience and gender. To identify the problem, the study utilized the descriptive design. Sample of the study were 227 participants, of which 52 administrators and 175 teachers in the school year of 2013/2014. Questionnaire was utilized for the sample including 2 variables and 4 dimensions including 61 items. Reliability and validity were verified. Results showed that responses of the sample were medium. There were statistically significant mean differences between the responses in all of the dimensions related to job. There were statistically significant mean differences due to gender in creativity dimension only; and due to experience in creativity and risk taking. The main challenges in entrepreneurship application were financial and nonfinancial shortage and pressure. The study recommended enhancing work environment for entrepreneurship and fostering its culture.

This study aimed to identify the reality of applying administrative entrepreneurship in public secondary schools in Egypt and its constraints from the view point of the administrators and teachers. It aimed also to identify the impact of these variables: job, experience and gender. To identify the problem, the study utilized the descriptive design. Sample of the study were 227 participants, of which 52 administrators and 175 teachers in the school year of 2013/2014. Questionnaire was utilized for the sample including 2 variables and 4 dimensions including 61 items. Reliability and validity were verified. Results showed that responses of the sample were medium. There were statistically significant mean differences between the responses in all of the dimensions related to job. There were statistically significant mean differences due to gender in creativity dimension only; and due to experience in creativity and risk taking. The main challenges in entrepreneurship application were financial and nonfinancial shortage and pressure. The study recommended enhancing work environment for entrepreneurship and fostering its culture.