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Landslides have become a destructive geo-hazard in many countries, which seriously cause damage to the human lives, infrastructure and properties. They result from the movement of soil on unstable slopes in mountainous areas. This caught attention to study the increasing incidences of landslides in many areas including Morocco. In this study, the fuzzy logic and analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) integrated with the geographic information system (GIS) are used to determinate the landslide susceptibility modeling in the Ziz upper watershed, southeast Morocco. The geo-environmental data that were used in the landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) included: elevation, lithology, slope, land use/land cover (LULC), river, road, fault, and rainfall maps. FAHP model showed that 16.7% of the study area had high landslide susceptibility. However, the riskiest areas are situated in the upstream western parts. The resultant map of landslides hazards was validated using an inventory of 148 landslides events in the study area. The FAHP model showed a significant performance, the area under curve (AUC) value for this case study is 0.885.

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Soil erosion is a major cause of land degradation. It can be estimated with several models, such as empirical, conceptual and physical based. One of the empirical models used worldwide nowadays for soil erosion assessment is the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and its updated form, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). In Morocco, this model is being used to assess and quantify soil loss by water erosion. In spite of this, it was noted that limited studies employed correctly this important tool. The goal of this review paper was to identify potential usage of R/USLE models in Morocco. This was done by evaluating the conducted studies concerning these models and main gaps and challenges were determined accordingly. Improvement options and future requirements for using R/USLE models were recommended. In order to assess the statues of the R/USLE models applications, the 56 published documents related to R/USLE models conducted in Morocco during the first use till 2020 were collected and reviewed. These publications covered five main areas. The main benefits as well as gaps of the conducted studies were discussed for each area. Current concerns, need of future studies as well as related recommendations and suggestions were also presented.

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