Este libro es una herramienta valiosa para cualquier persona interesada en llevar a cabo investigaciones científicas de manera eficiente y rigurosa y realizar sus tesis de investigación. En este libro, los autores ofrecen una guía paso a paso para llevar a cabo una investigación desde el inicio del proyecto e incluye sus capítulos más importantes. Se discuten temas como la formulación de preguntas de investigación, la elección del diseño de investigación adecuado, las técnicas de investigación, población, y muchos más. Además, el libro incluye numerosos ejemplos y casos de estudio para ilustrar los conceptos discutidos, así como también una lista de recursos y herramientas útiles para la investigación. Este libro es una excelente guía para estudiantes universitarios, investigadores principiantes y profesionales en cualquier campo que busquen mejorar sus habilidades en la investigación y titularse en licenciatura, maestría o doctorado.

The main objective of this study is to model the concentration of ozone in the winter season on air quality through machine learning algorithms, detecting its impact on population health. The study area involves four monitoring stations: Ate, San Borja, Santa Anita and Campo de Marte, all located in Metropolitan Lima during the years 2017, 2018 and 2019. Exploratory, correlational and predictive approaches are presented. The exploratory results showed that ATE is the station with the highest prevalence of ozone pollution. Likewise, in an hourly scale analysis, the pollution peaks were reported at 00:00 and 14:00. Finally, the machine learning models that showed the best predictive capacity for adjusting the ozone concentration were the linear regression and support vector machine.

There is a great deficiency in the collection and disposal of solid waste, with a considerable amount disposed of in dumps instead of in landfills. In this sense, the objective of this research is to propose a solid waste mitigation plan through recovery in the District of Santa Rosa, Ayacucho. For this, a solid waste characterization plan was executed in eight days, and through ANOVA it was shown that there is a significant difference in means between business pairs except between a bakery and a hotel. Through clustering, zones A and B are highly correlated, reflecting that the amount of organic waste was greater than inorganic waste. In the organic waste valorization plan, the results through ANOVA indicate a significant difference for monthly and daily averages, and the clustering shows the different behavior of each month, drawing attention to August, concluding that the valorization pilot plan is viable due to the contribution of a large amount of organic solid waste to the valorization plant.

Theobroma cacao is the main raw material to produce chocolate, as well as for use in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. However, Moniliophthora roreri is one of the most destructive fungal diseases and the main limiting of cacao production worldwide. Thus, this work aimed to assess the inhibitory effect of extracts of Zingiber officinale (T1) and Aloe vera (T2), and Trichoderma harzianum + Bacillus subtillis. (T3) on Moniliophthora roreri infection in Theobroma cacao; in addition, a control (T4) was also evaluated. Each treatment was applied to six plants of cacao. Incidence of monilia infection and fruit weight were monitored every 15 days (in total four periods) after the application of the treatment by spray. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found among treatments for incidence. It was observed that spraying entire cacao trees after two times (approximately 30 days) showed a reduction of monilia infection. After all periods, T1, T2, and T3 showed an incidence of monilia infection by 20.5, 17.7, and 14.9% respectively, compared to cultural control of 41.1%. This reduction of moniliasis infection translates into an increase in fruit weight average for T3 (8.4 kg), T2 (7.3 kg), and T1 (6.9 kg). In contrast, in the control (T3), the fruit weight average decreased by 5.3 kg. Biological control showed efficient management of pathogens as M. roreri. It is recommended to use such antifungal (Aloe vera) spray over at least 120 days which would decrease infection incidence even more.

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