Over the past decade, the amount of migrant remittances received by developing countries has increased rapidly.Several studies have analysed the impacts on growth, investment, education, and health. However, the effect on food security has not received much attention. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the linkage between food security and international remittances using panel data during the period of 1990-2013 in African countries. The study employs an econometric model to test the impact of remittances on food security through four channels: availability, access, utilization and stability. Results show a positive link for access, stability and utilization dimensions but a negative link for availability. Relationship between received remittances and the enhancement of food security seems to be mixed.

This paper examines the effect of environmental change on inclusive finance in African countries during the period 1996–2020. It also investigates the moderating role of government quality on the association between environmental change and inclusive finance. We collected five-year average data from various sources such as the World Development Indicators, the World Governance Indicators, and the International Monetary Fund. Government quality is measured by six dimensions: political stability, voice and accountability, government effectiveness, regulation quality, the rule of law, and corruption control. Environmental change is measured by CO2 emissions. Inclusive finance is measured by the financial development index through depth, access, and efficiency ratios. These variables represent the most used in prior studies as they are published by international organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, which represent a reputable source of timely information related to the business environment in which business executives operate in several countries. The results show a significant impact of environmental change on inclusive finance. Including economic governance induces a significant and positive effect on financial inclusion in all instances. Our results also show that the coefficients of the interaction between environmental change and governance dimensions are positive and significant. The moderator role of governance is improved when taking into account political, institutional, and economic governance. Our findings offer more motivation for regulators and governments to develop environmental policies that integrate inclusive finance to meet sustainable development goals. Our results are important as they can help regulators, investors, and policymakers to assess and better understand the potential moderation role of governance quality in the relationship between inclusive finance and environmental change.

The paper explores the impact of the corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic on the Saudi higher education system. The research focuses on the relationship between digital learning in COVID-19 time, life satisfaction, and stress among female students. The study discusses measures, practices, defense mechanisms, and coping strategies to face challenges. Using an online survey based on psychological effects and its role in defense mechanisms and coping strategies, findings show that digital learning provides flexibility in terms of time and offers resources at a lower cost compared to traditional learning. In addition, results show that the coping strategy perception is higher in obtaining a good score and succeeding than to get over the pandemic and recovering from the illness itself. Finally, results confirm that a positive attitude influences positively life satisfaction.

L’idée de réguler les pollutions au moyen de permis d’émissions échangeables sur un marché concurrentiel a été développée pour la première fois par Dales en 1968. Cependant, un aspect assez peu étudié du fonctionnement de ces marchés est que les citoyens sont autorisés à y intervenir pour acheter des permis d’émissions dans le but de les retirer et de réduire ainsi la pollution. Pourtant, il apparaît en pratique que les préférences des citoyens interviennent peu ou pas dans l’élaboration, puis dans le fonctionnement des marchés de permis d’émissions. Or, une telle situation contredit à la fois les valeurs démocratiques et les principes économiques dominants. Cet article entend poursuivre le débat sur le bien fondé, ou non, d’une participation des citoyens à un marché de permis d’émissions, en se plaçant à la fois sous l’angle de l’efficacité économique et sous l’angle de l’éthique. Considérant la possibilité pour les citoyens de se comporter en passager clandestin, nous montrons qu’il peut être socialement bénéfique de subventionner la demande des citoyens de façon à combattre ce comportement. A partir des apports de l’économie expérimentale appliquée au jeu du bien public, nous observons que l’économie théorique semble surestimer le problème de l’incitation à se comporter en passager clandestin. Enfin, les enjeux éthiques associés à l’ouverture des marchés de permis d’émissions aux citoyens sont analysés. Une éthique basée sur la liberté et la souveraineté des citoyens requiert d’autoriser la participation des citoyens aux marchés de permis d’émissions. Ce point est ensuite discuté au regard des pollutions cumulatives et au regard de la dimension intergénérationnelle de l’équité.

The authors would like to make the following corrections about the published paper [...]