Background: CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is an inflammatory chemokine that mediates renal infiltration of macrophages and activated T cells. Aim: To investigate serum levels of CXCL16 in patients undergoing hemodialysis and their correlation with other inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). Methods: The study included 40 hemodialysis patients (22 males) and 40 age and gender-matched controls (24 males). Fasting blood sugar (FBS), urea, creatinine, calcium and inorganic phosphorous were assayed in participants using routine methods, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by quantitative chromatographic spectrophoto metry, iPTH by chemiluminescent microparticle immuno assay, CRP by nephelometry and CXCL16 by ELISA technique. Results: Serum CXCL16, CRP, PTH, FBS, HbA1c, phosphorus, urea, and creatinine levels were significantly higher in hemodialysis patients compared to controls (p<0.00001). No statistically significant differences were observed between patients and controls for calcium. Serum CXCL16 levels correlated positively with CRP (r=0.956, p<0.00001) and iPTH (r=-0.403, p<0.001). Hemodialysis patients (diabetics or hypertensives) had significantly higher CXCL16 levels compared to non-diabetics or non-hypertensives. Kratak sadr`ajUvod: CXC hemokin ligand 16 (CXCL16) je infalamatorni hemokin koji posreduje u bubre`noj infiltraciji makrofaga i aktivira T }elije. Cilj: Svrha ovog rada je bila da se ispitaju nivoi serumskog CXCL16 u pacijenata koji su bili na hemodijalizi i njihova korelacija sa drugim inflamatornim markerima kao {to su Creaktivni protein (CRP) i intaktni paratireoidni hormon (iPTH). Metode: Izu~avanje je obuhvatilo 40 pacijenata na hemodijalizi (22 mu{karca) i kontrolnu grupu starosti 40 godina (24 mu{karca). Glukoza na ta{te (FBS), ureja, kreatinin, kalcijum i neorganski fosfat su kod ispitanika odre|ivani rutinskim metodama, glikozilirani hemoglobin (HbA1c) primenom kvantitativne hromatografske spektrometrije, iPTH hemiluminiscentnim imunoodre|ivanjem, CRP nefelometrijski i CXCL16 primenom ELISA tehnike. Rezultati: Nivoi CXCL16, CRP, iPTH, FBS, ureje i kreatinina su bili zna~ajno vi{i kod pacijenata na hemodijalizi u pore -|enju sa kontrolnom grupom (p < 0,00001). Nisu na|ene statisti~ki zna~ajne razlike izme|u pacijenata i kontrolne grupe za vrednosti kalcijuma, fosfora i HbA1c. Nivoi CXC16 bili su u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa vrednostima CRP (r = 0,956, p < 0,00001) i iPTH (r = -0,403, p < 0,001). Pacijenti na hemodijalizi (dijabeti~ari ili hipertenzivni) imali su zna~ajno vi{e nivoe u pore|enju sa ne-dijabeti~arima ili sa pacijentima koji nisu bili hipertenzivni.

Background: CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is an inflammatory chemokine that mediates renal infiltration of macrophages and activated T cells.Aim: To investigate serum levels of CXCL16 in patients undergoing hemodialysis and their correlation with other inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH).Methods: The study included 40 hemodialysis patients (22 males) and 40 age and gender-matched controls (24 males). Fasting blood sugar (FBS), urea, creatinine, calcium and inorganic phosphorous were assayed in participants using routine methods, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by quantitative chromatographic spectrophoto metry, iPTH by chemiluminescent microparticle immuno assay, CRP by nephelometry and CXCL16 by ELISA technique.Results: Serum CXCL16, CRP, PTH, FBS, urea, and creatinine levels were significantly higher in hemodialysis patients compared to controls (p<0.00001). No statistically significant differences were observed between patients and controls for calcium, phosphorous, and HbA1c. SerumCXCL16 levels correlated positively with CRP (r=0.956, p<0.00001) and iPTH (r=-0.403, p<0.001). Hemodialysis patients (diabetics or hypertensives) had significantly higher CXCL16 levels compared to non-diabetics or nonhypertensives. Conclusions: High levels of serum CXCL16, CRP and iPTH reflect the inflammatory status of hemodialysis patients and help avoid complications. Serum CXCL16 could be used as a biomarker together with CRP in these patients.

Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) is known to be a regulatory enzyme of homocysteine metabolism. In many ethnic groups point mutations in MTHFR gene are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and other complications of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to assess if MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism was one of the risk factors for the development of diabetic nephropathy as well as other complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The MTHFR C6777T polymorphisms were detected in 50 persons by PCR-RFLP. Subjects were divided into 2 groups; 30 patients with type II DM and 20 persons who were non-diabetic healthy controls. The presence of MTHFR 677T allele did not increase the risk of complications in T2DM patients. The presence of mutant genotypes CT and TT did not increase the risk of nephropathy or other complications in the subjects having a C677T mutation. Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene mutation was neither associated with an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy nor other complications of type II diabetes mellitus.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an international health concern. The C-X-C chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) functions as a scavenging cell surface receptor. Vitamin D3 has vital effects on inflammation and insulin homeostasis. Purpose: To investigate the significance of serum CXCL 16 and vitamin D3 in T2DM patients to understand disease pathophysiology. Materials and Methods: The current work was performed as a cross-sectional study.The study included 60 participants, 30 patients with T2DM attending the national institute of diabetes clinics and 30 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Participants underwent the following: Serum CXCL16 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), vitaminD3 by radioimmuno assay(RIA), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar(FBS), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), liver and kidney functions. Results and discussion: Serum CXCL16 levels were significantly higher and serum vitamin D3 levels were significantly lower in T2DM patients compared to controls (p < 0.00001). Serum CXCL16 levels correlated negatively with vitamin D3 levels (r = -0.837 and p = 0.00001) while a negative correlation was recognized between vitaminD3 levels and HbA1c % in patients (r = −0.609 and p = 0.00035). Conclusion: Serum CXCL16, vitamin D3 and HbA1 c may be important parameters in monitoring T2DM and predicting complications.

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