Aim:To develop a mucosal inactivated vaccines for Newcastle disease (ND) and H9N2 viruses to protect against these viruses at sites of infections through mucosal immunity.Materials and Methods:In this study, we prepared two new formulations for mucosal bivalent inactivated vaccine formulations for Newcastle and Avian Influenza (H9N2) based on the use of nanoparticles and polymer adjuvants. The prepared vaccines were delivered via intranasal and spray routes of administration in specific pathogen-free chickens. Cell-mediated and humoral immune response was measured as well as challenge trial was carried out. In addition, ISA71 water in oil was also evaluated.Results:Our results showed that the use of spray route as vaccination delivery method of polymer and nanoparticles Montanide™ adjuvants revealed that it enhanced the cell mediated immune response as indicated by phagocytic activity, gamma interferon and interleukin 6 responses and induced protection against challenge with Newcastle and Avian Influenza (H9N2) viruses.Conclusion:The results of this study demonstrate the potentiality of polymer compared to nanoparticles adjuvantes when used via spray route. Mass application of such vaccines will add value to improve the vaccination strategies against ND virus and Avian influenza viruses.

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Newcastle di.s€fl5€ virus (NDV}, egg drop syndrome (EDS) and (rt(ectious vrom:iliHs (IBl/) combined trivalent and monovalent oil adjuvant vaccln.es were prepared and leslcd Jor safety and immunogenicity ill 4 week-otd commercial chiCkeJ)1s. The chfd(ens vaccinated with a dose oj O.5ml devcl.oped salisjoclory levels oJ QnUbodie.'i fo ND. EIJS and IB viruses. The results showed lltat no sign!1tWnl d~[ferences in antibody lii"es iJe" tweet the respecW>e groups up to 8 week obseroolion perfOd. So. tile (,lvalent vac~!!I(' was safe and immunogenic against NDV, EDSV and lBV in one dose. Vaccine group (3). RegIlrding the rcsults of EDS in Table (4) showed that the HI antlbody titre of group (t 1 triva