Introduction:Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common allergic diseases, which affects ∼20% of the world's population. T-helper (Th) type 2 cells produce interleukin (IL) 4 and IL-13, and mediate allergic responses, and these cytokines have been extensively studied as key players in the atopic airway diseases. However, the involvement of Th17 cells and IL-17 in AR has not been clearly examined.Aim:To reevaluate AR clinical severity with serum IL-17, whether IL-17 affects the disease alone or in contribution with the atopic predisposition.Patients and Methods:During an 18-month period, 39 individuals were divided into three groups: A, (13 control), B (13 with mild-to-moderate AR), and C (13 with severe AR). Both group B and group C patients (26) were subjected to clinical examination and allergy skin testing, and to measurement of both total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IL-17 levels. Eleven patients with AR then were exposed to 6 months of cluster immunotherapy, whereas the rest of the patients were not exposed.Results:Revealed a significant elevation of serum IL-17 levels with an associated increase in serum IgE in the patients with AR compared with controls and revealed that the serum levels of both total serum IgE and IL-17 decreased significantly after cluster immunotherapy.Conclusion:These preliminary results added new data about the use of injective immunotherapy as well as reported on the use of sublingual immunotherapy.

Background: genetic studies of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are rare in Egypt. Increased expression of some relevant genes may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Aim of the study: to compare the expression of HMGA2 and MMP12 genes in LSCC tumor tissue with their expression in adjacent non-tumor tissue. Type of the study: Descriptive study Setting: Tertiary referral hospital-Ismailia-Egypt Patients and Methods: 24 male patients (age range 49-78 years) with LSCC were included in the study. Under general anesthesia, two biopsies were taken: one from the tumor tissue and the other from the adjacent normal tissue and they were examined histopathologically and then analyzed for level of expression of MMP12 and HMGA2 genes. Results: Median expression levels of HMGA2 and MMP12 in the whole group were 0.98 and .8 (fold change) in normal tissue and 6.49 and 122.6 (fold change) in tumor tissue respectively. There was higher expression of the HMGA2 and MMP12 genes in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue (P <0.0001). Also there was positive correlation of level of expression of the two genes with the degree of tumor differentiation (P <.0001 and p<.0008) Conclusion: Expression of HMGA2 and MMP12 genes is higher in LSCC compared to normal tissue samples. The higher the level of expression of the two genes, the poorer the degree of differentiation of the tumor Further studies should be pursued to determine the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic implications of this in management of LSCC.

No abstract

No abstract

of AHI of both sleep studies were significantly correlated (r = 0.762). There was also a high correlation between the values of the following variables: minimum oxygen saturation (r = 0.842, p<0.001), oxygen saturation <90% (r = 0.799, p <0.001), and mean heart frequency (r = 0.951, p <0.001). The analysis which used ROC curve to test the diagnostic efficiency of Watch PAT concluded that the area under the curve could reach 0.727 if the threshold of 12 events/hour was used as the cut-off point in this study with a sensitivity of 96.2% and a specificity of 60%. When analyzing the severe cases of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (AHI ≥ 30 events/hour), the area under the curve was 0.846 with a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 86.4%.Conclusions: Watch PAT tends to overestimate the AHI when compared with PSG, especially for mild OSA. The Watch PAT is an alternative method that is reliable and highly sensitive for the diagnosis of SDB.Objectives: Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) has been described as an option for treating obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), with variable success rates. The main purpose of this study is to correlate UPPP success to craniofacial bony structure and orofacial muscle function.Methods: Prospective longitudinal study in a tertiary clinical center. Fifty-four patients who underwent UPPP in the last 7 years were followed, and UPPP succeeded or failed based on the results of pre-operative and post-operative polysomnography. Clinical variables' body mass index (BMI), age, and preoperative apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)'s cephalometric measurements (craniofacial region and hyoid bone position), and muscle function variables (clinical protocol and tongue strength measures) were evaluated and compared between the groups (failure or success after UPPP). Results:The variables BMI, pre-operative AHI, and cephalometric measurements showed no influence on surgical success. The clinical muscle protocol was also similar between groups. However, the muscle strength of the anterior portion of the tongue was significantly greater in the group that showed surgical success compared to those with surgical failure. This movement is primarily performed by genioglossus muscle.Conclusions: OSAS is a multifactorial disease, and diagnostic symptom assessments should be individualized. In addition, special attention should be given to functional muscle alterations of the airways, because they might influence the evolution of the disease.Objectives: Determine the prevalence of multiple level obstruction and the frequency of their sites in cases of obstructive sleep apnea. Methods:The sample size of this descriptive cross sectional study was an inclusive sample including all patients presenting to the outpatient clinic of Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismaila Egypt complaining of snoring with or without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) between January 1 and December 31. All patients were evaluated by Müller maneuver followed by polysomnography. Patients diagnosed with OSA were subjected to drug induced sleep endo...