The limit in the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement material (RAP) proportion is restricted due to stiffness and workability issues related to RAP. This problem is addressed with the help of warm mix asphalt (WMA) which increases the proportion of RAP used by producing mixes having same/better properties viz., better workability, reduced viscosity than hot mix asphalt (HMA) at lower temperatures. This paper reviews research conducted on the use of RAP material in WMA pavements. It presents and discusses work done with regard to different recycling methods and on conversion of RAP into HMA. It analyzes the benefits/need of using RAP in WMA in light of previous research findings and the influence on engineering properties of WMA due to RAP introduction. This paper also discusses field performance, environmental/economic impact and some limitations of these mixes.

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The major drawbacks of a railway track include noise, vibration, and aggravated track degradation. Resilient mats and asphalt have been increasingly used in recent years to mitigate this noise and vibration. However, these materials are quite expensive. Conventional asphalt is very stiff and brittle, making it more prone to cracking. The present work aims to develop a novel material that can be used as a base layer in ballasted and slab tracks. The current research proposes a sustainable and resilient base course layer comprising ground rubber (GR) and polyurethane foam adhesive (PFA). In this study, the performance of GR embedded in the sand is investigated. The use of PFA-treated sand with and without GR is then explored. The optimum dosage of PFA for soil and GR for treated and untreated soil is recommended based on static direct simple shear (SDSS) and cyclic direct simple shear (CDSS) tests. SDSS tests were performed to evaluate the monotonic performance of all mixtures. CDSS tests were performed to assess the long-term performance of these different mixes under repeated cyclic loading (50,000 load cycles) and varying cyclic shear stress amplitude. It is shown that PFA helps reduce the settlement and enhance soil shear strength, while GR increases the damping ratio of the soil. The optimum dosage of PFA is recommended 10%. The optimum GR content for untreated and PFA-treated soil is recommended 5 and 10%, respectively.