The world has been challenged by rapidly spreading COVID-19 outbreaks for a year now. Southeast Asian countries have had different strategies to deal with the pandemic. This review aimed to elaborate on Southeast Asian countries’ strategies in managing the trade-off between economic and public health, with further consideration of how such approaches were associated with the dynamics of the number of cases and the speed of economic recovery. This review evaluated the COVID-19 mitigation efforts spanning one year in the Southeast Asian (SEA) countries listed based on the Bloomberg COVID Resilience Ranking. As of May 24, 2021, three SEA countries (Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia) were chosen from the better (27th), moderate (35th), and worst (42nd) SEA country rankings. Peer-reviewed articles were obtained from Google Scholar and PubMed databases, and news articles were retrieved from GoogleNews. The data from government websites were also included. Sources were limited to those in the English and Indonesian languages that could be accessed between January 2020 and May 2021. Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia were found to have significantly prioritized consideration of the economy in handling the pandemic. Malaysia and Thailand had more stringent policies of imposing national lockdowns, while Indonesia had a partial lockdown. It was found that a weak pandemic response may result in substantial economic loss.

Premarital sex is a growing social issue in Indonesia. The number of adolescents who conduct premarital sex has increased over the years. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of premarital sex behavior among adolescents in Indonesia. The study used secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) with a total of 22,583 adolescent participants. The chi-square and multiple logistic regression were performed to assess the association of premarital sex behavior with socio-demographic status, tobacco, alcohol, and drug use. The results revealed that premarital sex was associated with sex, age, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and drug use. Adolescents who had drunk alcohol were almost twenty times more likely (AOR = 19,888; 95% CI = 16,124-24,531) to have premarital sexual intercourse compared to adolescents who had not. The results found that premarital sex was strongly correlated with addictive substance use. Therefore, the government should formulate integrated health intervention programs to prevent risky health behaviors among adolescents. These can include integrating education on the dangers of smoking, alcohol consumption, and drugs into the Generation Planning or Generasi Berencana (GENRE) program, or Pusat Informasi dan Konseling Remaja (PIK R) or Youth Information and Counseling Center, which focuses on reproductive health in one package.

Persentase laki-laki muda yang belum menikah memiliki pengalaman seksual meningkat dari 6% pada tahun 2007 menjadi 8% pada tahun 2012. Perilaku seks sebelum menikah lebih diterima diantara laki-laki muda sementara itu pendidikan seksual yang komprehensif belum diterapkan secara menyeluruh dalam kurikulum pendidikan nasional dan belum merata di semua daerah. Hal ini menghalangi anak muda untuk mendapatkan informasi yang benar. Penelitian ini menguji hubungan antara karakteristik demografik dengan niat untuk melakukan hubungan seksual pranikah pada remaja laki-laki usia 15 hingga 24 tahun di Indonesia. Data didapatkan dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012. Sebanyak 9,109 responden terpilih untuk dianalisis. Analisis data terdiri dari analisis deskriptif dan analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada sekitar 21.1% remaja laki-laki yang mengungkapkan bahwa mereka berniat untuk melakukan hubungan seksual sebelum menikah. Niat tersebut ditemukan lebih umum diantara mereka yang berusia 20-24 tahun. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kelompok usia, tingkat pendidikan, daerah tempat tinggal sebagai proxy dari agama dan status tempat tinggal dengan niat melakukan hubungan seksual. Temuan ini menyarankan perlunya pendekatan yang beragam dalam penerapan pendidikan seksualitas pada remaja.

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