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Stormwater drainage systems in urban areas located in arid environmental regions generally consist of storm-sewer networks and man-made ponds for the collection and disposal of runoff, respectively. Due to expansion in cities' boundaries as a result of population growth, the capacity of existing drainage systems has been exhausted. Therefore, such systems overflow even during the smaller (than the design) return period floods. At the same time, changing rainfall patterns and flash floods due to climate change are other phenomena that need appropriate attention. Consequently, the municipalities in arid environmental regions are facing challenges for effective decision-making concerning (i) improvement needs for drainage networks for safe collection of stormwater, (ii) selection of most feasible locations for additional ponds, and (iii) evaluation of other suitable options, such as micro-tunneling. In this research, a framework has been developed to evaluate different stormwater drainage options for urban areas of arid regions. Rainfall-runoff modeling was performed with the help of Hydrological-Engineering-Centre, Hydrological-Modelling-System (HEC-HMS). To evaluate the efficacy of each option for handling a given design flood, hydraulicmodeling was performed using SewerGEMS. Meteorological and topographical data was gathered from the Municipality of Buraydah and processed to generate different inputs required for hydraulic modeling. Finally, multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) was performed to evaluate all the options on the basis of four sustainability criteria, i.e., flood risk, economic viability, environmental impacts, and technical constraints. Criteria weights were established through group decision-making using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Preference-Ranking-Organization-Method for Enrichment-Evaluation (PROMETHEE II) was used for final ranking of stormwater drainage options. The proposed framework has been implemented on a case of Buraydah City, Qassim, Saudi Arabia, to evaluate its pragmatism. Micro-tunnelling was found to be the most sustainable option.

IntroductionMobile devices have become an indispensable part of modern life style. Originally designed and built to facilitate remote communications such as phone calls and text messaging, mobile devices now support portable computing, context-aware communication, enhanced user interaction, and high-connectivity systems [36]. The operating system-that powers-up mobile devices-enables the execution of third party applications (apps for short) that support a variety of tasks on the go [21]. These capabilities of modern mobile devices make them smart and open up the gate for a multitude of applications that support a variety of tasks that includes but not limited to mobile commerce, health monitoring, and location querying [12]. There are thousands of mobile AbstractEach software application running on Android powered devices consists of application components that communicate with each other to support application's functionality for enhanced user experience of mobile computing. Application components inside Android system communicate with each other using inter-component communication mechanism based on messages called intents. An android application crashes if it invokes an intent that can not be received by (or resolved to) any application on the device. Application crashes represent a severe fault that relates to compromised users' experience, consequently resulting in decreased ratings, usage trends and revenues for such applications. To address this issue-by formally proving crash-safety property of Android applications-we have defined a formal model of Android inter-component communication using Coq theorem prover. The mathematical model defined in theorem prover allows one to prove the properties of inter-component communication system and check the correctness of the proof in an automated way. To demonstrate the significance of the formal model developed, we carried proof of crash-safety of Android applications using Coq tool. The proposed solution named CrashSafe supports a formal approach that enables one to (i) check the correctness of inter-component communication in Android systems and (ii) establish a formal foundation for other tools to assess Android applications' reliability and safety.

Recently, Internet of Thing (IoT) systems enable an interconnection between systems, humans, and services to create an (autonomous) ecosystem of various computation-intensive things. Software architecture supports an effective modeling, specification, implementation, deployment, and maintenance of software-intensive things to engineer and operationalize IoT systems. In order to conceptualize and optimize the role of software architectures for IoTs, there is a dire need for research efforts to analyse the existing research and solutions to formulate the vision for futuristic research and development. In this research, we propose to empirically analyse and taxonomically classify the impacts of research on designing, architecting, and developing IoT-driven software systems. We have conducted a survey-based study of the existing researchinvestigating challenges, solutions and required futuristic effortson architecting IoT systems. The results of survey highlight that software architecture solutions support various research themes for IoT systems such as (i) cloud-based ecosystems, (ii) reference architectures, (ii) autonomous systems, and (iv) agent-based systems for IoT-based software. The results also indicate that any futuristic vision to architect IoT software should incorporate architectural processes, patterns, models and languages to support reusable, automated, and efficient development of IoTs. The proposed research documents structured and systemised knowledge about software architecture to develop IoT systems. Such knowledge can facilitate the researchers and developers to identify the key areas, understand the existing solution and their limitations to conceptualize and propose innovation solutions for existing and emerging challenges related to the development of IoT software.