Urban street crime (USC) hotspots severely affect the residential and business neighborhood (RBN) areas of any urban center. This study analyzes USC hotspots and identifies the associated risk factors of becoming a USC hotspot in the residential and business neighborhood areas of Chittagong city. Primary and secondary data sources were used, but primary data played a primary role in this study. It was found that male, married, landlord, and middle-income groups of people are more likely to be victimized than the female, unmarried, renters, rich, and no-income groups. More street crime hotspots were found in the residential than in the business neighborhood. The statistical analysis of the logistic regression model for street crime victimization, a hotspot analysis model of a contour map, and a spatial autocorrelation map identified vulnerable locations in the residential and business neighborhood areas where people are frequently victimized by street crime. Qualitative and statistical analysis results show social, economic, geographical, governance, and planning and urban design factors play a vital role in developing USC hotspots in Chittagong city. The study outcomes need to be considered for an integrated approach to monitor and reduce street crime hotspots by policymakers, urban local government, and community leaders in Chittagong city.

Background: Dysmenorrhea is an important health issue of young adult females that badly affects their quality of life and academic performance. This study aimed to determine prevalence, impact, management practices and factors associated with dysmenorrhea among medical students. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College Lahore from August 2020 to December 2020. Using Cochran’s sample size calculator and rounding off, sample size of 400 female students was calculated. Convenience sampling technique was used. A self-constructed questionnaire was used which was designed after extensive literature search. Pain intensity was estimated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS version 23. Chi square test was applied to find association between variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Mean age of participants was 21.07 ± 2.58 years. Prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 79.5%. Statistically significant association was found between dysmenorrhea and participant’s age (p value=0.002),  marital status(p value=0.001), family income(p value=<0.001), age of menarche (p value=<0.001), days of  bleeding (p value=0.009) and regularity of cycle(p value=<0.001). Mostly participants used combinations of remedies. Rest was the most commonly used remedy to relieve pain.  Impact of dysmenorrhea included social withdrawal, inability to prepare for exam, difficulty in carrying out daily activities and absence from college. Conclusion. Prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 79.5%. Statistically significant association was found between dysmenorrhea and participant age,  marital status, family income, age of menarche, days of  bleeding and regularity of cycle. Alone or together, taking rest was the most commonly used remedy to relieve pain. Dysmenorrhea negatively affected quality of life.

Public administration has to compete with private sectors in terms of quality service delivery to citizens. In this context, civil service training, especially overseas training, has been considered the most significant requirement to increase the performance of the Bangladesh Civil Service. This article tries to explore the impact of overseas training on the performance of the Bangladesh Civil Service. To achieve this objective, this study interviewed Bangladesh Civil Servants who participated Asian Institute Training (AIT) Extension training programme from 2016 to 2018. A mixed-method was applied to analyse the collected data. It found that Bangladesh Civil Servants, who have received AIT Extension training, were satisfied with the training management of AIT. Participants believed that such overseas training positively contributes to enhancing the performance of the Bangladesh Civil Service. However, this study also disclosed that fewer overseas training opportunities for young civil servants, lack of need-based training, and poor management of overseas training policy are the main obstacles in Bangladesh Civil service management. This article strongly recommends that there must be a detailed overseas training policy management and more collaboration with international training institutes to get better performance from the government officers in Bangladesh.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, leading to many complications and substantial decrease in patient’s Health related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of study was to assess health related quality of life of diabetic patient.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021. A total of 100 diabetic patients, resident of field practice area of tertiary care teaching hospital were included in the study. SF-36 scale was used to assess the HRQOL.Results: The most important predictors of impaired HRQOL were female gender, presence of any diabetic complications, presence of non -diabetic comorbidity and longer duration of diabetes. Older age, lower education, unmarried, obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia were also associated with impaired HRQOL in SF-36 subscale.Conclusions: Diabetic patients had lower HRQOL in all the domains of quality of life. Identification of associated factors can help prevent deterioration of quality of life.  Prevention and early identification of complications and concomitant chronic disease can also improve quality of life of diabetics.

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