Background: The workplace social capital is one of the important features of clinical work environment that improves the productivity and quality of services and safety through trust and social participation. Evaluation of workplace social capital requires a valid and reliable scale. The short-form workplace social capital questionnaire developed by Kouvonen has long been used to evaluate the workplace social capital. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the questionnaire among a group of female Iranian health care workers. Methods: The Persian version of the short-form questionnaire of workplace social capital was finalized after translation and back-translation. 500 female health care workers completed the questionnaire. Then, the content validity and the construct validity of the questionnaire were assessed. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's α, θ, and McDonald's Ω. The construct reliability and ICC were also evaluated. Results: Based on the maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis (n=250) and confirmatory factor analysis (n=250), two factors were identified. The factors could explain 65% of the total variance observed. The model had an acceptable fit: GFI=0.953, CFI=0.973, IFI=0.974, NFI=0.953, PNFI=0.522, RAMSEA=0.090, CMIN/DF=2.751, RMR=0.042. Convergent and divergent validity as well as internal consistency and construct reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. Conclusion: The Persian version of Kouvonen workplace social capital has acceptable validity and reliability. The questionnaire can thus be used in future studies to assess the workplace social capital in Iranian health care workers.

Background Fertility, in addition to the biomedical aspect, is phenomena of social, economic and demographic changes. Social network were considered for understanding fertility behaviors and changes in the levels of fertility. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between social capital and childbirth behaviors in Iranian women employees. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 on 536 women health care workers who randomly selected from health care setting Babol/Iran. Data were collected using demographic, childbearing behavior and social capital questionnaires. The SPSS-21 software was employed to analysis the data at a significant level of 0.05. Results The results of the study showed that, there was significant relationship between number of pregnancy and social capital (P = 0.039). Furthermore, social capital has a significant relationship with the time of pregnancy (P = 0.043), the time of pregnancy in women with high social capital was observed to be relatively 30% shorter compare the women with low social capital. Conclusion Social capital, as one of the important factors influencing childbirth behaviors, should be considered in population planning and policy making.

BackgroundFertility rate in Iran has decreased by more than 70% in the last three decades. Continuous decrease in fertility rate will create socioeconomic crises for the country in a near future. A significant factor behind fertility behaviors is women’s attitudes towards maternal and spousal roles. Such attitudes are mainly determined by social capital. This study aims to determine and explore of relationship between social capital and fertility behavior among female healthcare workers.MethodsThis sequential explanatory mixed methods study will be conducted using the follow-up explanations model in two phases. In the first phase, a population-based cross-sectional survey will be conducted on 500 female workers recruited through multistage cluster sampling from healthcare settings located in Babol, Iran, and the relationship of social capital with fertility behaviors will be assessed. In the second phase, a qualitative study will be done to explain the findings of the first phase. Finally, the findings of the first phase will be explained using the findings of the second phase.DiscussionUnderstanding the relationship of social capital with fertility behaviors is essential to effective planning for the management of population decline. The findings of the present study will provide population policy-makers with helpful information.

‫میزان‬ ،)0/536 ‫(بتای‬ ‫باانگیزه‬ ‫فاعل‬ .)0/104( ‫محافظت‬ ‫فقدان‬ ‫و‬ )0/436( ‫در‬ ‫جنسی‬ ‫مزاحمت‬ ‫وقوع‬ ‫كه‬ ‫دارند‬ ‫آن‬ ‫بر‬ ‫داللت‬ ‫تحقیق‬ ‫های‬ ‫یافته‬ ‫بحث:‬ ‫(ساختار‬ ‫سازمانی‬ ‫و‬ ‫گران)‬ ‫(كنش‬ ‫انسانی‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫بین‬ ‫تعامل‬ ‫نتیجه‬ ‫كار،‬ ‫محل‬ ‫كنترل‬ ‫و‬ ‫كاهش‬ ‫جهت‬ ‫ای‬ ‫مداخله‬ ‫و‬ ‫پیشگیرانه‬ ‫سیاستهای‬ ‫و‬ ‫است‬ ‫اجتماعی)‬ ‫كه‬ ‫آن‬ ‫قربانیان‬ ‫ویژه‬ ‫به‬ ‫و‬ ‫كنشگران‬ ‫بر‬ ‫نباید‬ ً ‫صرفا‬ ‫كار،‬ ‫محل‬ ‫در‬ ‫جنسی‬ ‫مزاحمت‬ ‫شود.‬ ‫متمركز‬ ‫هستند،‬ ‫زنان‬ ‫ریاحی‬ ‫اسماعیل‬ ‫محمد‬ .1 ‫مازندران،‬ ‫دانشگاه‬ ‫اجتماعی،‬ ‫علوم‬ ‫دكتر‬ ‫ایران،‬ ‫اجتماعی،‬ ‫و‬ ‫انسانی‬ ‫علوم‬ ‫دانشكده‬ ‫مسئول)‬ ‫(نویسنده‬ ‫بابلسر،‬ ‫پورالماسی‬ ‫خدیجه‬ .2 ‫اجتماعی،‬ ‫علوم‬ ‫ارشد‬ ‫كارشناسی‬ ‫علوم‬ ‫دانشكده‬ ‫مازندران،‬ ‫دانشگاه‬ ‫بابلسر‬ ‫ایران،‬ ‫اجتماعی،‬ ‫و‬ ‫انسانی‬ AbstractIntroduction: the present research, have been aimed to study amount of the experience of sexual harassment of employed women in the workplace and the social analysis of the causes of sexual harassment. Method: In this research, the theory of Routine activities has been used as a theoretical framework and has been surveyed by a questionnaire tool among 400 women working in hospitals in Karaj. Findings:The descriptive results of this study show that 67% of respondents experienced at least one occurrence of sexual harassment (verbal and non-verbal) at work. It was also found that the proportion of non-verbal disturbances (such as Hayes's look, etc.) was slightly higher compared to the verbal disturbance (reverberation, etc.). Discussion: Thus, according to the results of this study, the amount of experience of sexual harassment of employed women in the workplace was greater among those women who, on the one hand, had some demographic and personal characteristics that made them more suitable for the victim of harassment Sexual orientation, secondly, at work, there were men who had more motivated men to engage in sexual harassment, and, thirdly, at work there was not enough organizational and personal protection to prevent sexual harassment. This result suggests that the theory of routine activities is predictive of sexual harassment in the workplace.

Background: No behavior as much as the use of a seatbelt affects the reduction of the severity of injuries caused by driving accidents. So far, there has not been sufficient evidence of predictive factors regarding the use of seatbelts in bus passengers. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of seatbelt use in passengers of intercity buses. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 458 passengers of intercity bus terminals participated. The sampling method was multistage in this study. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed was used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and logistic regression test. Results: The study population included 47% of men and 53% of women with an average age of 28.35 ± 6.1. Police stations, high bus speeds, night, and inappropriate weather conditions were among the situations in which the use of a seatbelts was more on the bus. The results of the logistic regression test in the third model showed that perceived barriers, law and supervision, subjective norms, environment, and bus type predict the use of seat belts significantly (P <0.000). Conclusions: It seems that in addition to interventions designed to increase the knowledge and attitude of passengers and enhance the use of seatbelts on the bus, a special look is also needed at important people who influence the behavior of the people (subjective norms).