Background and Objectives: Inflammatory processes play an important role in intra-articular fractures. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between chemerin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and Interleukin 17 (IL-17) serum and synovial fluid levels of osteoarthritis patients and individuals with intra-articular fractures. Method:In this case-control study, all osteoarthritis patients and individuals with intra-articular fractures who visited the Imam Khomeini Orthopedic Clinic of Ahvaz were examined. Blood samples (5 cc) were collected prior to surgery to measure chemerin Interleukin 17, and hs-CRP serum levels. Synovial fluid samples (2 cc) were collected during the surgery. Results:Measuring the levels of IL-17, chemerin and hs-CRP indicated a significant statistical difference between the serum and synovial fluids of osteoarthritis patients, individuals with intra-articular fractures, and the control group (p < .001). Post-hoc analyses showed statistically significant differences in all conditions except for hs-CRP levels between osteoarthritis patients and individuals with intra-articular fractures.Conclusion: Discovering ways to stop or slow down osteoarthritis is a matter of great concern. The findings on osteoarthritis indicate diverse, complex, and multidimensional processes involving cytokines. Information on cytokines that effect diseases can help develop efficient therapy methods.

Background: The repair of long bone segmental defects is one of the most challenging problems in orthopaedic surgery. Objectives: The current researchers carried out animal experiments on the use of Human Amniotic Membrane (HAM) in bone defect to evaluate the osteoinductive and osteoconductive effects, and also to use it as a guide for regular production of bone without waiting for membrane production (MASQUELET method). Methods: Twenty New Zealand white male adult rabbits were used in the study, and divided to four groups. The surgical site was prepared with the purpose of working on the left forearm diaphysis. In each radius, a bone defect of 15-mm in length was created. The fixation of the radius was not done because the support of the ulna was sufficient. The defect was not filled with anything in group 1; however, a tube-shaped HAM was inserted in group 2, a Tendon-shaped HAM was utilized for group 3 and a Tube-shaped HAM + bone graft (demineralized bone matrix, DBM) was used in group 4. Results: Bone formation was radiographically observed in the defects, which had been implanted using tube-shaped HAM (group 2), which was complete in 60% and partially complete in 40% of the cases. No bone formation was seen at up to eight weeks after surgery in group 1 and 3. A small amount of bone formation was observed at both ends and the ulnar site of the defect in group 4. Conclusions: The results of the study indicated that tube-shaped HAM could have an osteoconductive effect in large segmental bone defects, yet could not have an osteoinductive effect.

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Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone autograft (BPTB) and four-strand semitendinosus-gracilis (hamstring) graft are the most common methods for reconstructing anterior cruciate ligament but there is still controversy over the best method. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic results of two methods of BPTB and four-strand semitendinosus-gracilis (hamstring) grafts using arthroscopic treatment in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. This retrospective study was performed on 85 patients with ACL rupture aged 17-45 years who referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahwaz from the beginning of 2016 to the end of 2017 who had undergone two years of ACL reconstruction surgery, either by bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft (BPTB) (open surgery) (n=23) or four-strand hamstring autograft (semitendinosus-gracilis) (by arthroscopy) (n=25). Lysholm score was used for knee functional status assessment, Lachman test for tendon laxity, and pivot shift test for strength evaluation. The 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) was also completed and compared at the last follow-up. Patients were also evaluated by type of daily activity (heavy or light activity). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the Lysholm score (P>0.05) and both groups were classified as “Good”. There was no significant difference between the frequency distribution of patients based on Lachman test results and pivot shift results (P>0.05). None of the patients in the two groups had any rupture within two years after treatment. Both groups had good satisfaction with treatment and quality of life and there was no statistically significant difference between the mean SF-36 scores (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the light and heavy activity groups. Although complication in short-term follow-up was more in patients undergoing open surgery, the functional level and treatment satisfaction in patients treated by open surgery (bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft) and arthroscopy (four-strand hamstring autograft) were not significantly different after two years. Therefore, according to the surgeon's diagnosis or the patient's choice, both methods can be selected; method with acceptable therapeutic outcomes in reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament.