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This study describes the results of a "well-to-wheel" life cycle assessment (LCA) carried out to determine the potential greenhouse gas and criteria pollutant emission reductions that could be achieved by converting associated flare gas directly to synthetic fuels at oil wellheads in the US and globally. A Greyrock Flare Gas-to-Fuels™ conversion process at an Ohio oil well was used as the base case for this LCA. The liquid fuel produced directly from associated gas is comprised primarily of premium synthetic diesel with a small amount of synthetic gasoline. In this LCA scenario, the synthetic diesel and synthetic gasoline are blended at 20 and 10 vol% with petroleum diesel and gasoline, respectively. While the synthetic diesel fuel can be used as is (100%), the 20 vol% synthetic diesel blend (with petroleum diesel) was found to significantly improve engine performance, increase fuel economy, and reduce emissions. The direct conversion of associated gas to synthetic diesel fuels globally could reduce emissions of CO 2 and CH 4 by up to 356 and 5.96 million metric tons/year, respectively, resulting in the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs) by about 113.3 and 92.2% (20 year global warming potential) and 73.8 and 50.7% (100 year global warming potential) for synthetic diesel and gasoline fuels when compared to petroleum-derived gasoline fuels, respectively. Likewise, diesel criteria emissions could be reduced globally by up to 23.3, 0.374, 42.4, and 61.3 million metric tons/year globally for CO, particulates, NOx, and hydrocarbons, respectively. The potential economic benefit of this approach is that up to 5.30 and 71.1 billion liters of synthetic fuels could be produced each year in the US and globally from associated gas, respectively.Keywords Associated flare gas · Direct synthetic fuel production · Flare emissions · Vehicle emissions · Greenhouse gas emissions · Criteria pollutant emissions · Well-to-wheel life cycle assessments (WTW-LCA) · Economic benefits

In many engineering systems, it is not enough to merge the system paths to zero at infinite time, but the speed of moving these paths to zero is very important. Estimating this speed can be done using exponential functions. This concept is used in exponential stability definition. The purpose of this paper is to design a controller for problem inputs and implement a system of a car with N to a trailer connected to it. This approach is based on the analysis of the Lyapunov stability method. In the given problem, the purpose of conducting and converging the system considering the slip phenomenon as a primitive uncertainty in the system is toward the desired point. Since the trailer tractor system has limitation constraints in the modeling structure, it is difficult to guarantee the stability of a non-holonomic system. Because no controller designed by the control feedback method can continuously and stable ensure the convergence of the system. If this possibility almost dynamic errors, even adaptive controls do not versatile with the operation of the Lyapunov function, especially in the presence of uncertainties, which is a very important factor in system instability, which requires the development of controllers designed to deal with these disturbances. In the simulated results, this paper not only examines the convergence properties, but also shows the ability to control the system by designing a controller in the presence of a slip phenomenon to strengthen the system in the stability debate.

This research studies the forces on the windings of transformer due to inrush current. These forces are compared with the corresponding forces due to short-circuit of the windings. Twodimensional finite element computation of a single-phase shell-type transformer is carried out based on the maximum permissible inrush current value where its amplitude is the same as the rated shortcircuit current. To verify the computation results, they are compared with those recently obtained using Artificial Neural Network (ANN).