BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of health problems that set the stage for serious health conditions and places individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. The worldwide prevalence of MS in the adult population is on the rise and Bangladesh is no exception. According to some epidemiological study, MS is highly prevalent in Bangladesh and has increased dramatically in last few decades. To provide a clear picture of the current situation, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with an objective to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the Bangladeshi population using data already published in the scientific literature.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed and manually checked references of all identified relevant publications that described the prevalence of MS in Bangladesh. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool the prevalence. Heterogeneity was explored using formal tests and subgroup analyses. Study quality and publication bias was also explored.ResultsElectronic and grey literature search retrieved 491 potentially relevant papers. After removing duplicates, reviewing titles and abstracts and screening full texts, 10 studies were finally selected. Most of the studies were conducted in rural populations and study participants were mostly females. The weighted pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome regardless of gender and criteria used to define metabolic syndrome, was 30.0% with high heterogeneity observed. Weighted pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome is higher in females (32%) compared to males (25%) though not statistically significant (p = 0.434). Prevalence was highest (37%) when Modified NCEP ATP III criteria was used to define MS, while it was lowest (20%) when WHO criteria was used. In most cases, geographical area (urban/rural) was identified as a source of heterogeneity between the studies. Most of the studies met study quality assessment criteria’s except adequate sample size criteria and evidence of small study effect was also detected.ConclusionsThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high and rising in Bangladesh. Strategies aimed at primary prevention are required to mitigate a further increase in the prevalence and for the reduction of the morbidity and mortality associated with metabolic syndrome.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5209-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Today’s organizational is predominantly dynamic that pose enormous opportunities and challenges to the
corporate practitioners and policy makers. Understanding such dynamism is very crucial to pursue the
organizational strategic objectives. The primary aim of this paper is to examine the impact of organizational
culture on employee performance and productivity from the perspectives of multinational companies operating
especially under the telecommunication sector of Bangladesh in South Asia. The paper has applied qualitative
methodology focusing on a case study of Grameenphone (GP) (a subsidiary of Teleron in Norway), the leading
telecommunication based subsidairy in Bangladesh. The paper argues that organizational culture significantly
influences employee performance and productivity in the dynamic emerging context.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to examine the influence of two dimensions of entrepreneurial competencies, namely, strategic competency and ethical competency on the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs); and second, to explore the role of network competence as a mediator among these understudied variables. Design/methodology/approach The data for this study were collected from wholesale and retail-based SMEs in Malaysia through a standard structured questionnaire. PLS–SEM approach was utilised to analyse the data. Findings Although the findings did not reveal a direct effect of strategic and ethical competencies of entrepreneurs on SMEs’ growth, these competences, however, were found to be influential in driving their growth when network competence was used as a mediator. Originality/value The existence of a mediation effect between strategic and ethical competencies and SMEs’ growth via network competence has provided insights which add new knowledge to the extant entrepreneurship and SMEs’ performance literature.

The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with satisfaction among inpatients receiving medical and surgical care for urinary, cardiovascular, respiratory, and ophthalmology diseases at Dhaka Government Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. The data of this study is collected from 190 inpatients by using a patient judgments questionnaire covering 10 dimensions of satisfaction (appointment waiting time for doctor after admission, doctor's treatment and behavior, behavior and services of nurses, boys and ayas (-care givers-), toilet and bath room condition, quality of food, number of days in the hospital, cost for treatment, and gift/tips culture in the hospital). Patient overall level of satisfaction is treated as dependent variable, while dimensions of satisfaction are each treated as independent variables. Additionally, inpatients' socio-economic characteristics such as education, occupation and monthly family income are used as independent variables. OLS regression models are used to identify key factors connected with inpatients satisfaction. The level of significance for variables retain in the regression models is set at 0.05. The final regression model is significant with F-value of 73.673 (p<0.001) and can explain 80.8% of the variation in the dependent variable as it is indicated by the R-Square. The nested model F-test suggests that inpatients' monthly family income and levels of education have significant effect on the dependent variable.

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of conditions affecting the functioning of the heart or blood vessels and is one of the leading causes of death globally. Like other countries, CVD prevalence is also rising among the adults in Bangladesh. Epidemiological studies have shown not only a high CVD prevalence but also a significant increase in its prevalence in Bangladesh in the last few decades. To have a better understanding of the current CVD prevalence scenario, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of CVD among the Bangladeshi adult population using evidence from the published scientific literature.MethodsElectronic databases such as MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed were searched. We also manually checked the references of all relevant publications that describe the prevalence of CVD in Bangladeshi adults. To pool the CVD prevalence, we used random-effects meta-analysis. We assessed heterogeneity using both the formal tests and the subgroup analyses. We also assessed study quality and examined publication bias.ResultsWe retrieved 755 potentially relevant papers through searches of electronic and gray literature, of which only 13 met inclusion criteria after the screening and were included in this review. Of the studies that met inclusion criteria, three were carried out in rural populations, five in both urban and rural populations and two in strictly urban populations. Male and female participation in the studies was almost equal. The weighted pooled prevalence of CVD was 5.0%, regardless of the types of CVD, gender and geographical location of the study participants. There was also a high heterogeneity in the observed CVD prevalence. Weighted pooled prevalence of overall CVD in the Bangladeshi population was higher in urban areas (8%) compared to rural areas (2%). However, no such difference was observed in terms of gender (3% for both males and females). The highest reported prevalence (21%) was for heart disease, while the lowest reported prevalence (1%) was for stroke. Sources of heterogeneity were often unexplained. The criteria used to assess study quality were fulfilled by only a few studies, and adequate sample size criteria was missed by almost all of them. In addition, there was evidence of small-study effects.ConclusionA high CVD prevalence along with an upward trend was observed in Bangladeshi adults. Proper strategies are required for primary prevention of CVD so that a further increase can be alleviated and the morbidity and mortality associated with it can be reduced.