Aim: To study difference in self-concept, physical self-concept, and time perspective between the students with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy students. Material and Methods: The study population of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of the students living in Shahrekord of whom 200 people (100 males and 100 females) were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected by Sarasota's Self-concept Scale, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and a researcher-developed physical self-concept questionnaire. Results: Patients' average scores on the subscales negative past, deterministic current, purposeful future, and transcendental future of the variable time perspective were higher than healthy students'. The average scores on the variable self-concept, the subscales physical, social, mood, academic, and rational of the variable physical self-concept, and the subscale positive past from the variable time perspective were significantly higher in healthy students than patients. Overall, there were significant and inverse correlations between self-concept, physical self-concept, and positive past, between self-concept and negative past, deterministic current, and hedonistic current as well as between physical self-concept and negative past, deterministic current, and transcen-dental future. There were also significant and direct correlations between negative past, deterministic current, and hedonistic current as well as between self-concept and positive past, purposeful future, and transcendental future. In the patients, the females' scores on self-concept, purposeful future, and transcendental future were significantly higher than males', and males' scores on physical self-concept were significantly higher than females'. In healthy students, the average scores on self-concept, positive past, hedonistic current, and purposeful future were significantly higher in females than males. Conclusion: Findings indicated that overall, the people with MS, compared to healthy people, have negative self-concept and self-concept as well as negative attitudes toward their own social relationships and moods. They also consider their intelligence and talent to be lower and more negative compared to those of healthy people, have negative attitudes toward their past, and consider their lives to be deterministic.

Background Granulomatous hypophysitis is a rare disease that presents with chronic inflammation of the pituitary gland. In this study, we reported a case of granulomatous hypophysitis associated with a pituitary abscess. Case presentation A 39-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of infertility. For the past six months, she has suffered from amenorrhea, decreased libido, headaches, and vertigo. She was referred to our hospital with a suspected diagnosis of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma based on her presentation and brain MRI findings. She underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery (TSS). Direct observation during surgery revealed drainage of malodor pus and pituitary gland abscess. The histopathological evaluation also showed granulomatous hypophysitis and neutrophilic microabscess formation. The patient was initially treated with high doses of ceftriaxone (2 g twice daily) and metronidazole (500 mg (mg) four times per day). Also, the patient received cortisol replacement therapy after the operation. After obtaining the antibiogram and culture results, the treatment regimen was continued for 4 weeks postoperatively, followed by amoxicillin-clavulanate (500/125 mg three times daily) for a total duration of 12 weeks. Conclusion The patient recovered uneventfully and the postoperative MRI was normal without any remnant lesions.

Cryptosporidium causes watery diarrhea, despite the normal population it might prolonged and life threatening in severely immunocompromised individuals. In the current study, we reported Cryptosporidium gastroduodenitis in 17 years old female with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).

In this study, we report a parapharyngeal diffuse large Bcell lymphoma in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patient which had caused the patient to suffer from Garcin syndrome.

Background Brain abscess (BA) is recognized as a potentially fatal neurological infection requiring appropriate and prompt treatment. Improvements in diagnostic imaging and patient care have recently changed clinical symptoms, epidemiology, and outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to review all BA patients in our referral center. Method This study retrospectively reviewed all confirmed cases of BA referred to an academic teaching hospital and tertiary referral center between 2009 and 2021. Result The study included 119 clinically and radiologically confirmed brain abscesses (84% male vs. 16% female) with a mean age of 38.6 ± 16 years (range:1–79 years). The cause of BA in most cases (71.4%) was unknown. Only 11 patients had positive smears. Approximately 42.9% of patients were treated with surgery and antibiotic therapy, and the rest were treated with antibiotic therapy. The mortality rate in our study was 31.1%. Based on our analysis, HIV patients (P: 0.003), IV drug users (P: 0.025), and patients with loss of consciousness at the time of admission (P < 0.001) had a high mortality rate. On the other hand, patients treated with surgical intervention exhibited a low mortality rate (P: 0.02). The most common site of BA in our patients was the parietal (27.2%). Conclusion In our experience, HIV patients, IV drug users, and unconscious people on admission had higher mortality rates. The mortality rate of patients who underwent surgery was also low. The source of BA in most patients was unknown.