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There are many unknowns and much uncertainty in connection with the recent monkeypox (MPX) outbreak. But is the world ready for a new common viral disease? The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MPX companionship and STI diseases and in lessons where the HIV pandemic can be used to control MPX outbreaks. A critical literature review, based on the findings from 12 primary research articles. Explores the effects of MPX outbreak on HIV and the lessons that can be used from HIV to control MPX outbreaks. MPX outbreak affects different aspects of patients’ lives. With HIV and by learning from past epidemics of this disease, it is possible to reduce the number of injuries to patients and improve the services received and the quality of life of these patients.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most common infectious diseases and a globally concerning public health issue, especially in developing countries. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the syndrome-based point and lifetime prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in a big Iranian city. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on a hospital-based random sample of 2107 people (men and women aged 15 - 50) at Marvdasht Central Hospital (Iran). Results: The lifetime prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) was significantly higher in women than in men (81.56% vs. 33.60%, P-value < 0.0001). Also, about 20.7% of men and 48.26% of women had at least one of the STIs-associated syndromes at the time of the interview (instantaneous prevalence) (P-Value = 0.001). Conclusions: The estimated prevalence of syndromes associated with sexually transmitted infections is alarmingly high. The results emphasize the need for further studies on effective health care and health promotion services to reduce STIs (including early detection and treatment of infections and public education).

COVID-19 showed different characteristics, and many cases showed clinical manifestations that could not be attributed to other conditions. We present a 22-year-old woman who had an uneventful recovery from COVID-19, and after that, she developed a cytokine storm and a worsening clinical condition 2 days after dental root canal therapy.

Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders and a common preventable cause of mental retardation across the world. This disorder can be prevented if diagnosed and treated before the age of four weeks. Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the incidence rate of CH in infants in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Patients and Methods: The data of this study were obtained by the CH screening program from 2015 to 2021 in the health deputy of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Results: A total of 651 patients were diagnosed with CH, which showed an incidence rate of 5.06 per 1000 births (1 per 198 live births) in the province. The highest incidence of the disease was obtained in 2016 and the lowest incidence in 2021. Lordegan city had the highest incidence rate (8.1 per 1000 live births) and Kiar had the lowest one (1.67 per 1000 live births) during the study period. Moreover, the highest and lowest incidence rates in terms of season were observed in winter and summer, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, especially Lordegan, is one of the regions with high prevalence of CH in Iran, therefore the incidence rate is not only higher than the national average but also higher than the global average. Hence, the potential causes of this observation deserve further investigation.