Cikapundung River is the main raw water source for 2-millions inhabitants of Bandung city but has been severely deteriorated due to organic pollution such as cattle manure, domestic, and agriculture wastes. Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) in raw water can influence the process of water treatment. This study characterized and identified the origins of fluorescent DOM (FDOM) in Cikapundung River. Raw water samples were collected from intake outlets during dry and rainy seasons and analyzed using Fluorescence Excitation Emission Matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor (PARAFAC). FDOM origins were identified by Fluorescence-Index (FI) while autochthonous process contribution in water body was determined by Biological-Index (BIX). Chromophoric DOM as UV absorbance at 254 nm (A254) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were also measured. The FI were 1.82 (dry season) and 1.77 (rainy season), and the BIX were 0.92 (dry season) and 0.65 (rainy season). PARAFAC identified three compounds: water contaminant-like (C1), humic-like (C2) and tryptophan-like (C3) compounds. C2 was predominantly present in the rainy season with a C3/C2 ratio of 0.33. In the dry season, C3 increased substantially with a C3/C2 of 1.60. Strong correlation between C1 and C3 (R=0.86) was evidence that contaminant-like and tryptophan-like compounds were from the same anthropogenic sources. Strong correlation with A254 may indicate these identified compounds are aromatics.
Cabang Teluknaga merupakan bagian wilayah dari pelayanan air minum PDAM Tirta Kerta Raharja Kabupaten Tangerang. Cakupan wilayah pelayanan Cabang Teluknaga yaitu Kecamatan Teluknaga dan Kecamatan Kosambi, dengan jumlah penduduk pada tahun 2017 adalah 325.417 jiwa. Permasalahan sistem distribusi di wilayah ini adalah kurangnya sisa tekan pada jam puncak. Perencanaan ini bermaksud untuk mengevaluasi jaringan distribusi dengan simulasi menggunakan EPANET 2.0 pada jaringan distribusi. Hasil evaluasi jaringan distribusi eksisting menunjukan bahwa sisa tekan pada daerah pelayanan terjauh kurang dari 10 m dan diamater pipa yang terlalu besar sehingga kecepatan air kurang dari 0,3 m/detik. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan penyesuaian diamater pipa dan pemerataan tekanan untuk mencapai kondisi optimal. Direncanakan dua alternatif untuk menentukan kondisi optimal yaitu pemasangan booster pump dan menara air. Melalui analisa menggunakan WRT (Weight Ranking Method) terpilih sistem distribusi dengan pemasangan booster pump.
Sistem Pengelolaan Air Limbah Domestik (SPALD) harus diawali dengan penentuan strategi yang tepat, ditentukan mempertimbangkan kondisi wilayah perencanaan. Wilayah perencanan merupakan wilayah perbatasan antara Kota Bandung dan Kabupaten Bandung, sehingga berpotensi untuk dibangun SPALD regional meliputi 4 kecamatan, yaitu Kecamatan Ujungberung, Cibiru, Panyileukan di Kota Bandung, dan Kecamatan Cileunyi di Kabupaten Bandung. Saat ini SPALD Setempat (SPALDS) di Bandung Timur menggunakan sistem on site individual dan komunal, serta 11,04% masyarakat di Kabupaten Bandung masih membuang air limbah langsung ke sungai. Penelitian ini akan mengidentifikasi startegi SPALD menggunakan metode analisis Strenghts, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) kuantitatif. Parameter yang digunakan berdasarkan Pedoman Penyusunan Rencana Induk SPAL tahun 2016, parameter tersebut adalah kepadatan penduduk, topografi, resiko sanitasi, akses air minum, akses sanitasi layak, kawasan kumuh, permeabilitas tanah, kedalaman muka air tanah, pembiayaan daerah, kelembagaan pengelola air limbah, dan tingkat pendidikan. Hasil analisis SWOT, menunjukkan Kecamatan Panyileukan berada pada kuadran II (strategi selektif sistem terpusat), dengan arah pengembangannya dari SPALDS menjadi SPALDT kawasan. Sedangkan Kecamatan Ujungberung, Cibiru, dan Cileunyi berada pada kuadran III (strategi agresif sistem terpusat), dengan arah pengembangan SPALDT skala kota. Kata kunci: analisis SWOT, arah pengembangan, sistem pengelolaan air limbah domestik, strategi. The Domestic Wastewater Management System (SPALD) must begin with the determination of an appropriate strategy, determined by considering the conditions of the planning area. The planning area is the border area between Bandung City and Bandung Regency, so that the potential for regional SPALD to be built includes 4 districts, namely Ujungberung, Cibiru, Panyileukan in Bandung City, and Cileunyi District in Bandung Regency. Currently SPALD Local (SPALDS) in East Bandung uses individual and communal on site systems, and 11.04% of the people in Bandung Regency still dispose of their waste water directly into the river. This research will identify SPALD strategies using quantitative Strenghts, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis methods. The parameters used are based on the 2016 SPAL Master Plan Preparation Guidelines, these parameters are population density, topography, sanitation risk, access to drinking water, access to proper sanitation, slum areas, soil permeability, groundwater level depth, regional funding, wastewater management institutions, and education level. The results of the SWOT analysis show Panyileukan sub-district is in quadrant II (centralized system selective strategy), with its development direction from SPALDS to regional SPALDT. Meanwhile, Ujungberung, Cibiru, and Cileunyi Subdistricts are in quadrant III (an aggressive strategy with a centralized system), with the direction of city-scale SPALDT development. Keywords: development direction, domestic wastewater management system, strategy, SWOT analysis.
Tingginya angka kehilangan air pada Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM) menjadi penyebab utama terhambatnya pemenuhan kebutuhan air minum masyarakat. Wilayah studi adalah Sistem Cibodas yang dikelola oleh PDAM Tirta Jati. Wilayah studi tercatat angka kehilangan air tertinggi di sub sistem jaringan distribusi sebesar 62,67% dari debit air yang diproduksi dalam satu bulan. Studi ini memiliki tujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi hidrolis pada jaringan perpipaan Sistem Cibodas dan mengidentifikasi faktor apa saja penyebab kehilangan air. Evaluasi yang dilakukan meliputi evaluasi kuantitas air dari proses produksi, evaluasi pola pemakaian air, evaluasi kehilangan air, dan evaluasi hidrolis jaringan distribusi pada sub sistem SPAM eksisting. Simulasi hidrolis jaringan dilakukan dengan menggunakan software EPANET 2.0 dari Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan penyebab utama tingginya angka air tak berekening di Sistem Cibodas adalah kebocoran pipa dengan persentase kehilangan air sebanyak 17,58% pada jaringan pipa distribusi. Dari evaluasi hidrolis jaringan eksisting terlihat sebanyak 95,86% nodes memiliki tekanan lebih dari 8 atm, 1,06% links memiliki headloss lebih dari 5 m/km, dan sebanyak 74,46% links memiliki kecepatan aliran di bawah kriteria desain. Kata kunci: EPANET 2.0, jaringan distribusi, kebocoran pipa, kehilangan air, ketersediaan air. The high rate of water loss is the main problem in fulfilling the community's need for drinking water. The study area is the Cibodas System which is managed by the PDAM Tirta Jati. In the study area the highest rate of water loss was found in the sub system of distribution network and the percentage of water losses was 62.67% of the water produced in one month. This study aims to evaluate a hydraulic condition of the Cibodas System pipeline and identify the factors that cause water loss. The evaluation were included : (a) quantity of water production; (b) demand patterns; (c) quantity of water losses; and (d) hydraulic simulation of the existing distribution network. The hydraulic simulation process was carried out using EPANET 2.0 from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The result shows, the high number of non-revenue water in Cibodas System is mainly caused by pipe leakages with a percentage of 17.58% in distribution pipes. From the hydraulic evaluation of the existing network, it shows that 95.86% nodes had pressures of more than 8 atm, 1.06% links had headloss more than 5 m/ km, and 74.46% links had flow velocities below the design criteria. Keywords: Distribution network, EPANET 2.0, pipe leakage, water losses, water production.
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