Recently we molecularly cloned and characterized a papillomavirus from a lymph node metastasis of a primary penile carcinoma found in a rhesus monkey; this virus species, rhesus papillomavirus type 1 (RhPV-1), is similar to oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs), such as HPV-16 or HPV-18, in that the RhPV-1 DNA was found to be integrated in the tumor cell DNA. To compare the sexual transmission and oncogenic nature ofRhPV-1 with these HPVs, we undertook an extensive retrospective study of a group of rhesus monkeys whose sexual mating and offspring histories were known. These animals had mated directly with the index male mentioned above or were secondarily exposed to this virus through intermediate sexual partners. This study combines cytological, histopathological, and several complementary hybridization and DNA amplification techniques on multiple tissue samples to demonstrate the sexually transmitted nature of RhPV-1. The oncogenic potential of RhPV-1 is suggested in several of the infected animals by the presence of various degrees of neoplasia including squamous cell cancer of the cervix.The compelling evidence that certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are associated with malignancies of the anogenital tract has been based largely upon the detection of HPV DNA in various tissues (for review, see ref.

In recent years, the textile industry has been forced to develop new technologies to reduce energy and water consumption. The use of ultrasound in textile wet processing is one solution to this problem. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of ultrasonic energy on the processing of cotton with a cationic softener. For this purpose, cotton fabric was treated with a fatty acid amide derivative cationic softener in water using ultrasonic energy during treatment. The physical properties of the fabrics treated under different conditions are discussed. The results show that the treatment of fabrics with softeners in an ultrasound bath is more effective compared to conventional methods and that it enhances the physical properties of the cotton.

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The aim of this work was to assess the possibility of using a bentonite‐type clay as a promising substitute for mordants in the natural dyeing of wool with madder. Wool yarn was treated with nanoclay by using three conventional methods of pretreatment (before dyeing), simultaneous dyeing with madder in the presence of clay, and aftertreatment (after dyeing). Madder was used as a natural source of colorant. The scientific methods employed in this study included Fourier Transform‐infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, moisture regain measurement, tensile strength tests, reflectance spectrophotometry, and fastness evaluation. The intensity of the major peaks in the Fourier Transform‐infrared spectra of the nanoclay‐treated wool yarn indicated chemical changes in the polypeptide functional groups in the wool structure. Madder exhibited higher dyeing properties on clay‐pretreated samples compared with untreated wool. The results of colour measurements showed that the colour strength of the dyed samples improved with an increasing amount of clay in the pretreatment baths.

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) show immature features, but these are improved by integration into 3D cardiac constructs. In addition, it has been demonstrated that physical manipulations such as electrical stimulation (ES) are highly effective in improving the maturation of human-engineered cardiac tissue (hECT) derived from hiPSC-CMs. Here, we continuously applied an ES in capacitive coupling configuration, which is below the pacing threshold, to millimetersized hECTs for 1−2 weeks. Meanwhile, the structural and functional developments of the hECTs were monitored and measured using an array of assays. Of particular note, a nanoscale imaging technique, scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), has been used to directly image membrane remodeling of CMs at different locations on the tissue surface. Periodic crest/valley patterns with a distance close to the sarcomere length appeared on the membrane of CMs near the edge of the tissue after ES, suggesting the enhanced transverse tubulation network. The SICM observation is also supported by the fluorescence images of the transverse tubulation network and α-actinin. Correspondingly, essential cardiac functions such as calcium handling and contraction force generation were improved. Our study provides evidence that chronic subthreshold ES can still improve the structural and functional developments of hECTs.